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Table 3 Differences in differences for inpatient admissions

From: Early evidence from South Carolina’s Medicare-Medicaid dual-eligible financial alignment initiative: an observational study to understand who enrolled, and whether the program improved health?

Variables

Avoidable Hospitalization

LOS

Total Charges

SNF placement

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

Post

0.0144*** (0.00282)

0.0145*** (0.00282)

− 0.229*** (0.0799)

−0.228*** (0.0799)

3839*** (429.2)

3947*** (425.4)

0.0242*** (0.00242)

0.0238*** (0.00242)

Treatment

−0.0202** (0.00864)

−0.0141 (0.00865)

− 0.862*** (0.242)

− 0.955*** (0.244)

− 2651** (1142)

− 3090*** (1144)

−0.148*** (0.00686)

− 0.151*** (0.00686)

Post X treatment

0.0410** (0.0169)

0.0429** (0.0169)

1.111** (0.464)

1.183** (0.464)

555.1 (2251)

1232 (2233)

0.00161 (0.0132)

−0.00180 (0.0131)

Age

0.00189*** (9.25e-05)

0.00188*** (9.23e-05)

−0.00395 (0.00262)

− 0.00427 (0.00262)

− 288.1*** (13.83)

− 280.9*** (13.77)

0.00999*** (7.39e-05)

0.00996*** (7.39e-05)

Female

−0.000219 (0.00280)

− 0.000956 (0.00280)

− 0.494*** (0.0828)

− 0.511*** (0.0828)

− 5962*** (444.9)

− 6007*** (442.0)

−0.0100*** (0.00239)

− 0.00991*** (0.00238)

Urban

−0.0205*** (0.00285)

−0.00817 (0.00587)

0.321*** (0.0787)

0.166 (0.177)

4842*** (405.4)

1476* (894.4)

0.0170*** (0.00241)

0.00633 (0.00570)

Black

0.0160*** (0.00284)

0.0204*** (0.00296)

0.743*** (0.0841)

0.360*** (0.0875)

−543.1 (436.2)

− 1075** (457.6)

−0.0448*** (0.00251)

− 0.0403*** (0.00263)

Other race

0.0153*** (0.00432)

0.0200*** (0.00433)

0.360*** (0.125)

0.105 (0.126)

− 2025*** (639.8)

− 2436*** (644.3)

− 0.0654*** (0.00324)

− 0.0620*** (0.00328)

CHARLSON INDEX

−0.0186*** (0.00179)

− 0.0186*** (0.00179)

0.142*** (0.0516)

0.131** (0.0517)

492.7* (265.6)

514.4* (263.9)

0.0217*** (0.00159)

0.0220*** (0.00159)

Congestive Heart Failure

0.167*** (0.00403)

0.165*** (0.00404)

0.426*** (0.111)

0.468*** (0.111)

2853*** (568.9)

3003*** (565.1)

− 0.00589* (0.00343)

− 0.00788** (0.00343)

Cardiac Arrhythmias

0.00692** (0.00316)

0.00775** (0.00316)

0.683*** (0.0910)

0.649*** (0.0911)

4010*** (479.1)

4246*** (476.3)

− 0.00259 (0.00264)

− 0.00140 (0.00264)

Valvular Disease

0.00399 (0.00423)

0.00646 (0.00427)

0.246** (0.112)

0.158 (0.113)

7466*** (657.9)

5418*** (658.6)

−0.0273*** (0.00342)

− 0.0210*** (0.00346)

Pulmonary Circulation Disorders

0.00458 (0.00528)

0.00909* (0.00528)

1.088*** (0.136)

1.004*** (0.136)

4817*** (754.0)

5205*** (746.7)

0.0211*** (0.00408)

0.0187*** (0.00408)

Peripheral Vascular Disorders

−0.00981** (0.00459)

− 0.00918** (0.00458)

0.289** (0.127)

0.302** (0.128)

8542*** (716.2)

8862*** (711.6)

−0.0220*** (0.00394)

− 0.0230*** (0.00394)

Hypertension, Uncomplicated

−0.00244 (0.00291)

− 0.00434 (0.00291)

−1.182*** (0.0902)

−1.141*** (0.0903)

− 4543*** (474.4)

− 4725*** (471.5)

−0.0648*** (0.00265)

− 0.0643*** (0.00266)

Paralysis

−0.0115* (0.00693)

− 0.0124* (0.00690)

1.758*** (0.246)

1.785*** (0.246)

6502*** (1242)

6439*** (1235)

0.0551*** (0.00690)

0.0553*** (0.00689)

Other Neurological Disorders

−0.0377*** (0.00330)

−0.0340*** (0.00329)

1.101*** (0.103)

1.084*** (0.104)

4892*** (529.1)

4664*** (527.5)

0.112*** (0.00313)

0.109*** (0.00313)

Chronic Pulmonary Disease

0.138*** (0.00340)

0.136*** (0.00340)

−0.698*** (0.0948)

−0.606*** (0.0949)

− 852.2* (497.6)

− 677.7 (494.4)

− 0.0827*** (0.00286)

− 0.0834*** (0.00286)

Diabetes, Uncomplicated

0.0653*** (0.00347)

0.0656*** (0.00347)

−0.252** (0.101)

−0.249** (0.101)

1735*** (521.1)

1165** (517.7)

− 0.0182*** (0.00309)

− 0.0183*** (0.00309)

Diabetes, Complicated

0.162*** (0.00514)

0.161*** (0.00513)

0.520*** (0.138)

0.495*** (0.138)

− 1026 (722.3)

−550.3 (717.1)

− 0.0155*** (0.00430)

− 0.0155*** (0.00429)

Hypothyroidism

−0.0167*** (0.00386)

− 0.0167*** (0.00385)

− 0.188* (0.106)

− 0.142 (0.106)

− 1470*** (536.4)

− 1625*** (531.5)

0.000919 (0.00335)

0.000201 (0.00334)

Renal Failure

0.0993*** (0.00628)

0.0979*** (0.00627)

0.744*** (0.173)

0.828*** (0.173)

5868*** (954.6)

5843*** (949.4)

−0.0295*** (0.00537)

− 0.0297*** (0.00537)

Liver Disease

−0.00479 (0.00582)

−0.00413 (0.00581)

0.0679 (0.176)

0.171 (0.177)

1089 (946.3)

2005** (943.8)

− 0.0634*** (0.00441)

−0.0653*** (0.00442)

Peptic Ulcer Disease Excluding Bleeding

−0.0223*** (0.00845)

− 0.0197** (0.00844)

0.350 (0.259)

0.361 (0.259)

2312 (1616)

2188 (1611)

−0.0489*** (0.00700)

− 0.0511*** (0.00698)

AIDS/HIV

0.0467*** (0.0150)

0.0495*** (0.0150)

−0.344 (0.485)

− 0.421 (0.485)

1731 (2776)

1425 (2761)

− 0.132*** (0.0122)

− 0.132*** (0.0122)

Lymphoma

0.0191 (0.0126)

0.0225* (0.0126)

1.472*** (0.373)

1.512*** (0.372)

9788*** (2084)

10,119*** (2074)

−0.0813*** (0.0101)

−0.0810*** (0.0100)

Metastatic Cancer

0.0446*** (0.0131)

0.0457*** (0.0131)

−0.519 (0.398)

−0.492 (0.399)

− 3457* (2065)

− 3342 (2049)

−0.177*** (0.0116)

− 0.178*** (0.0116)

Solid Tumor Without Metastasis

0.00197 (0.00618)

0.00247 (0.00618)

0.101 (0.178)

0.104 (0.178)

4479*** (961.6)

4363*** (952.8)

−0.103*** (0.00516)

−0.104*** (0.00516)

Rheumatoid Arthritis/Collagen Vascular

−0.0297*** (0.00545)

−0.0287*** (0.00545)

− 0.397*** (0.151)

−0.374** (0.151)

673.3 (829.7)

806.4 (824.9)

−0.0225*** (0.00441)

−0.0204*** (0.00441)

Coagulopathy

−0.0331*** (0.00515)

− 0.0349*** (0.00514)

0.782*** (0.156)

0.730*** (0.156)

6034*** (830.9)

6450*** (826.5)

−0.00367 (0.00438)

− 0.00422 (0.00438)

Obesity

−0.0112*** (0.00390)

−0.0112*** (0.00390)

− 0.445*** (0.100)

−0.455*** (0.100)

− 869.6 (553.6)

90.22 (550.6)

− 0.00462 (0.00285)

− 0.00625** (0.00285)

Weight Loss

0.00249 (0.00425)

0.00491 (0.00425)

2.612*** (0.136)

2.569*** (0.136)

13,957*** (733.5)

14,321*** (728.8)

0.0763*** (0.00392)

0.0773*** (0.00392)

Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders

0.0684*** (0.00285)

0.0649*** (0.00286)

0.309*** (0.0809)

0.357*** (0.0810)

−491.2 (425.9)

−690.2 (423.4)

0.0142*** (0.00241)

0.0149*** (0.00241)

Blood Loss Anemia

−0.0704*** (0.00933)

−0.0741*** (0.00932)

0.448* (0.263)

0.545** (0.262)

4827*** (1443)

4920*** (1425)

0.00792 (0.00828)

0.00764 (0.00826)

Deficiency Anemia

0.00181 (0.00465)

0.00234 (0.00463)

0.263** (0.129)

0.237* (0.129)

− 737.3 (659.8)

−22.50 (655.8)

0.0101*** (0.00373)

0.00913** (0.00373)

Alcohol Abuse

−0.0465*** (0.00541)

−0.0457*** (0.00540)

−0.533*** (0.170)

−0.576*** (0.170)

− 5492*** (852.2)

− 5410*** (848.0)

−0.0446*** (0.00403)

− 0.0440*** (0.00403)

Drug Abuse

0.0249*** (0.00560)

0.0258*** (0.00559)

0.101 (0.156)

0.126 (0.156)

− 4140*** (771.4)

− 3867*** (765.0)

−0.0451*** (0.00318)

−0.0440*** (0.00318)

Psychoses

−0.0310*** (0.00455)

− 0.0299*** (0.00455)

2.708*** (0.167)

2.616*** (0.167)

− 4081*** (674.3)

− 3745*** (672.4)

0.0630*** (0.00418)

0.0619*** (0.00418)

Depression

−0.00661** (0.00328)

−0.00401 (0.00328)

− 0.307*** (0.0923)

−0.274*** (0.0928)

− 3703*** (479.4)

− 3587*** (478.0)

0.0330*** (0.00270)

0.0304*** (0.00271)

Hypertension, Complicated

0.00145 (0.00536)

0.00527 (0.00536)

−0.348** (0.141)

−0.414*** (0.142)

− 3307*** (793.5)

− 3350*** (789.7)

−0.0227*** (0.00447)

− 0.0230*** (0.00447)

Constant

0.0885*** (0.00658)

0.0355** (0.0163)

8.463*** (0.194)

8.215*** (0.574)

76,682*** (1067)

66,435*** (2507)

−0.323*** (0.00504)

−0.364*** (0.0141)

Observations

199,649

199,643

199,649

199,643

199,649

199,643

199,649

199,643

R-squared

0.073

0.078

0.015

0.018

0.019

0.036

0.123

0.127

  1. Robust standard errors in parentheses
  2. *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1