Variables | Diagnosis Delay n (%) | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<  9 Days | ≥ 9 Days | p value | COR (95% CI) | p value | AOR (95% CI) | |
Demographic factors | ||||||
 Sex | ||||||
  Male | 54 (41.2) | 77 (58.8) |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |
  Female | 33 (41.8) | 46 (58.2) | 0.94 | 0.98 (0.56–1.72) | 0.51 | 0.76 (0.34–1.70) |
 Age | ||||||
  ≤ 30 years | 28 (45.2) | 34 (54.8) |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |
  31–50 years | 33 (39.3) | 51 (60.7) | 0.48 | 1.27 (0.66–2.47) | 0.72 | 0.86 (0.38–1.95) |
  > 50 years | 26 (40.6) | 38 (59.4) | 0.61 | 1.20 (0.59–2.44) | 0.09 | 0.42 (0.15–1.14) |
 Family member | ||||||
   ≥ 4 | 52 (42.6) | 70 (57.4) |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |
   < 4 | 35 (39.8) | 53 (60.2) | 0.68 | 1.13 (0.64–1.97) | 0.88 | 0.95 (0.44–2.02) |
Socio economic factors | ||||||
 Education a | ||||||
  Middle school education level and above | 69 (48.6) | 73 (51.4) |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |
  Below middle school education level | 18 (26.5) | 50 (73.5) | 0.003 | 2.63 (1.39–4.94) | 0.02 | 2.75 (1.22–6.21) |
 Occupation b | ||||||
  Employed (permanent salary) | 42 (53.8) | 36 (46.2) |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |
  Employed (non-permanent salary) | 24 (28.6) | 60 (71.4) | 0.001 | 2.92 (1.52–5.59) | 0.01 | 3.03 (1.32–6.95) |
  Unemployed | 21 (43.8) | 27 (56.3) | 0.27 | 1.50 (0.73–3.09) | 0.28 | 1.87 (0.59–5.85) |
 Family income | ||||||
   > 400,000 Kyats | 12 (41.4) | 17 (58.6) |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |
  200,001–400,000 Kyats | 52 (41.6) | 73 (58.4) | 0.98 | 0.99 (0.44–2.25) | 0.44 | 0.68 (0.26–1.82) |
   ≤ 200,000 Kyats | 23 (41.1) | 33 (58.9) | 0.97 | 1.01 (0.41–2.52) | 0.43 | 0.63 (0.19–2.01) |
Disease factors | ||||||
 Types of MDR-TB patients | ||||||
  New | 11 (42.3) | 15 (57.7) |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |
  Previously Treated | 76 (41.3) | 108 (58.7) | 0.92 | 1.04 (0.45–2.39) | 0.99 | 0.99 (0.30–3.29) |
 Contact with MDR-TB patient | ||||||
  No | 57 (41.0) | 82 (59.0) |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |
  Yes | 30 (42.3) | 41 (57.7) | 0.86 | 0.95 (0.53–1.69) | 0.95 | 1.02 (0.45–2.31) |
 Diabetes Mellitus | ||||||
  Absent | 79 (46.5) | 91 (53.5) |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |
  Present | 8 (20.0) | 32 (80.0) | 0.003 | 3.47 (1.51–7.97) | 0.001 | 5.06 (1.97–13.01) |
 HIV status | ||||||
  Absent | 80 (42.3) | 109 (57.7) |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |
  Present | 7 (33.3) | 14 (66.7) | 0.43 | 1.47 (0.57–3.80) | 0.16 | 2.23 (0.74–6.74) |
 First visit medical provider c | ||||||
  Self-initiative | 12 (66.7) | 6 (33.3) |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |
  General Practitioner | 67 (39.4) | 103 (60.6) | 0.03 | 3.08 (1.10–8.59) | 0.18 | 2.18 (0.69–6.90) |
  Hospitals and NGOs | 8 (36.4) | 14 (63.6) | 0.61 | 3.50 (0.95–12.97) | 0.36 | 2.02 (0.45–9.01) |
Geographic accessibility | ||||||
 Distance (km) | ||||||
  ≤ 10 km | 13 (44.8) | 16 (55.2) |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |
  11–20 km | 33 (36.7) | 57 (63.3) | 0.43 | 1.40 (0.60–3.28) | 0.87 | 1.09 (0.39–3.02) |
  > 20 km | 41 (45.1) | 50 (54.9) | 0.98 | 0.99 (0.43–2.29) | 0.42 | 0.55 (0.13–2.29) |
 Duration or time spent from residence to TB Center (min) | ||||||
  ≤ 60 min | 35 (37.6) | 58 (62.4) |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |
  61–120 min | 29 (43.9) | 37 (56.1) | 0.42 | 0.77 (0.41–1.46) | 0.97 | 0.99 (0.39–2.46) |
  > 120 min | 23 (45.1) | 28 (54.9) | 0.38 | 0.74 (0.37–1.47) | 0.65 | 0.75 (0.22–2.61) |
Consciousness on MDR-TB | ||||||
 Knowledge Level | ||||||
  High Knowledge | 56 (43.8) | 72 (56.3) |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |
  Low Knowledge | 31 (37.8) | 51 (62.2) | 0.39 | 1.28 (0.73–2.26) | 0.30 | 1.54 (0.68–3.52) |
 Awareness Level | ||||||
  Good Awareness | 61 (46.9) | 69 (53.1) |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |
  Poor Awareness | 26 (32.5) | 54 (67.5) | 0.04 | 1.84 (1.03–3.28) | 0.01 | 2.99 (1.29–6.92) |
Psychological factor | ||||||
 Stigma Level | ||||||
  Low Stigma | 51 (42.9) | 68 (57.1) |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |
  High Stigma | 36 (39.6) | 55 (60.4) | 0.63 | 1.15 (0.66–1.99) | 0.12 | 0.50 (0.21–1.20) |