Author (Year) | Country | Aim of study | Sample (Participants) | Phrases used to indicate “quality relationships” | Type of relevant questionnaire(s) | Name of relevant questionnaire(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Studies about the conceptualisation, development, testing, or review of a tool for assessing the quality of relationships between patients and providers in primary care | ||||||
Burge et al. (2011) [14] | Canada | To examine how well relational continuity is measured in validated instruments that evaluate primary healthcare from the patient’s perspective. | N/A – Review of validated questionnaire and subscales | Relational continuity Therapeutic relationship | Validated questionnaires | Primary Care Assessment Survey Primary Care Assessment Tool (short form) Components of Primary Care Index |
Haggerty et al. (2012) [15] | Canada | To develop and validate a generic measure of management continuity from the patient perspective. | Patients who had received care for an ongoing health condition at more than one clinic in the previous 12 months. | Relational continuity | Questionnaire (being validated) | Generic measure of continuity of care |
Harley (2009) [16] | England | To adapt the Components of Primary Care Index (CPCI) to be applicable to oncology outpatients and to assess the reliability and validity of the adapted instrument (renamed the Medical Care Questionnaire [MCQ]). | Outpatient cancer patients ≥18 years of age. | Continuity of care Coordination of care | Questionnaire | Medical Care Questionnaire |
Hill et al. (2014) [17] | England | To determine the suitability of the Primary Care Assessment Tool as a measure of continuity of care for patients with a long-term condition (stroke), and co-morbidity, in a primary care setting. | Community living stroke survivors (12 months post stroke) | Continuity of care Relational continuity | Questionnaire | Chao Perception of Continuity Scale |
Jatrana (2011) [18] | New Zealand | To construct a summary measure of continuity of care | Randomly sampled individuals, aged ≥15 years, who completed Statistics New Zealand-led Survey of Family, Income and Employment (SoFIE) survey | Continuity of care | 4 questions identified from the PCAT | Primary Care Assessment Tool |
Uijen (2011) [20] | Netherlands | To develop and pilot test a generic questionnaire to measure continuity of care from the patient’s perspective across primary and secondary care settings. | Patients aged > 18 years, with at least one chronic illness, literate in Dutch. | Patient provider relationship Personal continuity | Questionnaire (being validated) | Nijmegen continuity questionnaire |
Uijen (2012) [40] | Netherlands | To further examine the validity, discriminative ability, and reliability of the Nijmegen continuity questionnaire. | Patients aged > 18 years, with at least one chronic illness, literate in Dutch. | Continuity of care Personal continuity Quality of care | Questionnaire (being validated) | Nijmegen continuity questionnaire |
Zenger (2014) [21] | Germany | To assess the internal and external validity of the German version of the PDRQ-9 in a representative cross-sectional German population | Randomly selected individuals, ≥14 years of age, literate in German, who had visited a PCP. | Patient-doctor relationship, therapeutic alliance, | Validated questionnaire | Patient Doctor Relationship Questionnaire (PDQR-9) |
Studies that use a tool for assessing the quality of relationships between patients and providers in primary care | ||||||
Al-Azri et al. (2014) [22] | Oman | To study the role of relational continuity in primary care settings and its effect on patients’ perceptions and experiences. | Patients aged > 18 years attending their PCHCs during the study period | Relational continuity | Non-validated questionnaire | N/A |
Bryan et al. (2012) [24] | United States of America | To identify the impact of very early therapeutic alliance on the general trajectory of change for suicidal ideation among patients seen within the context of an integrated primary care behavioural health service. | Patients with mental health concerns, receiving a referral from their primary care provider to an Air-Force hospital based Behavioural Health Consultant. | Therapeutic alliance | Validated questionnaire | Therapeutic Bond Scale |
Corso et al. (2012) [25] | United States of America | To investigate therapeutic alliance and clinical improvement within an integrated primary care behavioural health model | Patients with mental health concerns receiving a referral from their primary care provider to an Air-Force hospital based Behavioural Health Consultant. | Therapeutic alliance | Validated questionnaire | Therapeutic Bond Scale |
Falkenström et al. (2013) [26] | Sweden | Test whether high alliance scores after a consultation predicts lower symptom scores immediately before the next consultation | Patients aged 18–70 years, attending a health service and receiving treatment with psychologist, social worker or counsellor | Therapeutic alliance | Validated questionnaire | Working Alliance Inventory, short form (revised) |
Ferrer et al. (2014) [27] | Brazil | To compare two offered care models in relation to longitudinality care, from the users’ perspective, and to correlate this finding to the utilisation of PHC services among patients hospitalised due to preventable conditions. | Children aged 0–14 years, attending paediatric ward of Sao Paulo hospital during the study period | Longitudinally of care Care continuity | Validated questionnaire | Primary Care Assessment Tool (child version) |
Hansen (2016) [28] | Norway | To explore how women with CFS/ME experience GP care regarding informational, management, and relational continuity. | Members of the Norwegian Myalgic Encephalomyelitis association, experiencing Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | Relational continuity | Non-validated questionnaire | N/A |
Hernandez, A. et al. (2013)a [29] | Spain / Catalonia | To determine patients’ perceived degree of continuity of care between primary and secondary care and to identify contextual and individual factors that influence patients’ perceptions of continuity of care. | Patients ≥18 years of age who had received primary and secondary care in Catalonia within the previous 3 months. | Relational continuity | Validated Questionnaire | Care Continuity Across Levels of Care Scale (CCAENA) |
Hernandez, A. et al. (2013)b [30] | Spain / Catalonia | To compare immigrants’ and natives’ perceptions of relational, managerial and informational continuity of care and to explore the influence of the length of stay on perceptions of continuity. | Patients ≥18 years of age who had received primary and secondary care in Catalonia within the previous 3 months. | Relational continuity | Validated Questionnaire | Care Continuity Across Levels of Care Scale (CCAENA) |
Hernandez, A. et al. (2013)c [31] | Spain / Catalonia | To provide additional evidence on the psychometric properties the scales of this questionnaire. | Patients ≥18 years of age who had received primary and secondary care in Catalonia within the previous 3 months. | Patient–primary care provider relationship, Continuity across care | Validated Questionnaire | Care Continuity Across Levels of Care Scale (CCAENA) |
Hernandez, A. et al. (2013)d [31] | Spain / Catalonia | To analyse patient’s reported elements of relational, informational and managerial (dis)continuity between primary and outpatient secondary care and to identify associated factors. | Patients ≥18 years of age who had received primary and secondary care in Catalonia within the previous 3 months. | Relational (dis)continuity | Validated Questionnaire | Care Continuity Across Levels of Care Scale (CCAENA) |
Hernandez, SE. et al. (2016) [33] | United States of America | To estimate if the degree of PACT (Patient Alignment Care Teams) implementation at a facility varied with the percentage of minority veteran patients at the facility. | Primary care facilities and | Continuity of care | Validated Questionnaire | Primary Care Assessment Tool (Pi2 – provider tool) |
Jahromi (2017) [34] | Iran | To determine the continuity of health care in urban health centres in Iran | Patients and family physicians from participating primary care centres | Interpersonal continuity of care | Validated questionnaire | Primary Care Evaluation Tool (PCET) |
Kristjansson (2013) [6] | Canada | To assess whether there was a difference in the continuity of care provided by different models of primary care | Health professionals and patients ≥18 years of age, cognitively intact and not acutely ill | Continuity of care Relational continuity | Validated questionnaire | Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCAT) |
Liu (2017) [35] | China | To understand the relationship preferences of primary care patients and their associations with patient experience of continuity of care. | Patients aged ≥18 years attending a community health clinic in Beijing, and not acutely ill. | Continuity of care Relational continuity Continuing relationship | Validated questionnaire | Care Continuity Across Levels of Care Scale (CCAENA) |
Merriel (2015) [36] | United Kingdom | To assess whether differences in the depth of relationship between a patient and their GP affects the length of consultations, and the number and type of problems and issues raised during a consultation. | Patients aged ≥18 years with a PHP appointment at a participating primary care clinic. | Patient-doctor continuity Patient-doctor relationship | Validated questionnaire | Patient-Doctor Depth of Relationship |
Uijen (2012) [19] | Netherlands | To explore heart failure patients’ experiences with continuity of care, and its relation to medication adherence. | Primary care patients with chronic heart failure, literate in Dutch, no terminal diagnosis, and no mental impairment. | Continuity of care Personal continuity | Non-validated Questionnaire | N/A |
Uijen (2014) [37] | Netherlands | To explore the level of experienced continuity of care of patients at risk for depression in primary care, and compare these to those of patients with heart failure | Patients with diagnosed depression or heart failure within the last 12 months, literate in Dutch, no terminal diagnosis, and no mental impairment. | Continuity of care Personal continuity | Questionnaire (adapted abut not re-validated) | Nijmegen Continuity Questionnaire (Brief version) |
Wei (2015) [38] | China | To assess changes in the quality of primary care in two megacities following the introduction of health system reforms in China. | Patients aged ≥18 years, attending community health centres in Shenzhen, or Shanghai | Long-term relationships between patients and general practitioners Continuity | Questionnaire (adapted but not re-validated) | Primary Care Assessment Tool (Chinese translation) |