Skip to main content

Table 1 Household characteristics in Zhejiang and Qinghai province, China

From: A comparative study of catastrophic health expenditure in Zhejiang and Qinghai province, China

Household characteristics

Households

Households with CHE

Total (n = 1598)

Zhejiang (n = 995)

Qinghai (n = 603)

P-value

Total (n = 280)

Zhejiang (n = 96)

Qinghai (n = 184)

P-value

Household with CHE, n (%)

280 (17.5)

96 (9.6)

184 (30.5)

< 0.000

    

Household income per year, mean (SE) (US $)

17,430.06

(459.00)

21,539.81

(539.19)

10,648.63

(752.56)

< 0.000

6507.53

(528.52)

9462.44

(1187.59)

4965.83

(477.67)

0.001

Household consumption expenditure per year, mean (SE) (US $)

10,934.17

(244.05)

12,638.74

(283.19)

8121.48

(423.20)

< 0.000

8252.97

(772.65)

10,073.46

(1168.00)

7303.15

(1000.57)

0.021

Household health expenditure per year, mean (SE) (US $)

2204.33

(121.62)

2013.31

(110.52)

2519.53

(265.40)

0.002

5774.66

(606.82)

6912.54

(798.13)

5180.98

(822.29)

0.022

Household size, mean (SE)

3.04 (0.03)

2.86 (0.04)

3.35 (0.06)

< 0.000

3.19 (0.09)

2.53 (0.11)

3.54 (0.11)

< 0.000

Poor/low-insured household, n (%)

91 (5.7)

25 (2.5)

66 (10.9)

< 0.000

41 (14.6)

13 (13.5)

28 (15.2)

0.707

Rural household head, n (%)

859 (53.8)

583 (58.6)

276 (45.8)

< 0.000

181 (64.6)

71 (74.0)

110 (59.8)

0.019

Male household head, n (%)

1202 (75.2)

770 (77.4)

432 (71.6)

0.010

223 (79.6)

76 (79.2)

147 (79.9)

0.886

Minority household head, n (%)

171 (10.7)

14 (1.4)

157 (26.0)

< 0.000

80 (28.6)

3 (3.1)

77 (41.8)

< 0.000

Married household head, n (%)

1334 (83.5)

859 (86.3)

475 (78.8)

< 0.000

222 (79.3)

76 (79.2)

146 (79.3)

0.972

Educational status of household head, n (%)

   

< 0.000

   

0.001

 Illiteracy

166 (10.4)

56 (5.6)

110 (18.2)

 

68 (24.3)

10 (10.4)

58 (31.5)

 

 Primary school

448 (28.0)

305 (30.7)

143 (23.7)

 

99 (35.4)

43 (44.8)

56 (30.4)

 

 Secondary school

516 (32.3)

334 (33.6)

182 (30.2)

 

71 (25.4)

29 (30.2)

42 (22.8)

 

 High/technical school or above

468 (29.3)

300 (30.2)

168 (27.9)

 

42 (15.0)

14 (14.6)

28 (15.2)

 

Employment status of household head, n (%)

   

< 0.000

   

0.001

 Employed

1027 (64.3)

673 (67.6)

354 (58.7)

 

134 (47.9)

38 (39.6)

96 (52.2)

 

 Retired

305 (19.1)

192 (19.31)

113 (18.7)

 

61 (21.8)

22 (22.9)

39 (21.2)

 

 Unemployed

266 (16.6)

130 (13.1)

136 (22.6)

 

85 (30.4)

36 (37.5)

49 (26.6)

 

Proportion of members with health insurance in household (%),mean (SE)

97.04 (0.32)

96.95 (0.39)

97.20 (0.55)

0.164

97.73 (0.67)

98.75 (0.66)

97.20 (0.97)

0.502

Number of members over 60 years in household, mean (SE)

0.70 (0.02)

0.78 (0.03)

0.56 (0.03)

< 0.000

0.86 (0.05)

1.14 (0.09)

0.72 (0.06)

< 0.000

Number of members with chronic diseases in household in the last six months, mean (SE)

0.39 (0.02)

0.33 (0.02)

0.48 (0.03)

< 0.000

0.74 (0.05)

0.74 (0.08)

0.74 (0.06)

0.963

Number of outpatients in household in the last two weeks of the survey, mean (SE)

0.18 (0.01)

0.17 (0.01)

0.19 (0.02)

0.486

0.39 (0.04)

0.45 (0.07)

0.35 (0.04)

0.225

Number of inpatients in household in the last one year of the survey, mean (SE)

0.24 (0.1)

0.17 (0.01)

0.34 (0.02)

< 0.000

0.63 (0.04)

0.63 (0.07)

0.63 (0.05)

0.967

  1. CHE catastrophic health expenditure; SE standard error; interquartile range; US United States
  2. Household size: number of permanent residents in household; Poor/low-insured household: poor or low-insured household identified by the local government; Married: married status in the marriage law
  3. χ2 or Fisher’s exact test was used for categorical variables, and T-test or Manny-Whitney test was for continuous variables