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Table 1 Mean annual costs (in EUR) in 2011, by group, cost type and area of residence

From: Differences in healthcare costs in youths with conduct disorders in rural vs. urban regions: an analysis of German health insurance data

Conduct Disorder Group

Control Group

Cost type

Urban

% of overall costs

Rural

% of overall costs

P-value

Effect size (d)

Urban

% of overall costs

Rural

% of overall costs

P-value

Effect size (d)

Inpatient services

1198.90 (±4564.79)

43.1

2166.18 (±5911.83)

60.9

< 0.0005

0.18

180.54 (±1504.75)

23.3

290.33 (±1714.29)

35.5

0.007

0.07

Outpatient services

900.81 (±999.41)

32.3

581.10 (±624.28)

16.3

< 0.0005

0.38

229.51 (±406.60)

29.7

210.82 (±259.31)

25.8

0.030

−0.05

Pharmacotherapy

209.45 (±802.90)

7.5

272.14 (±2189.64)

7.6

0.132

−0.02

179.83 (±5061.23)

23.2

114.73 (±699.86)

14.0

0.471

0.02

Additional therapies

200.08 (±438.02)

7.2

174.97 (±542.15)

4.9

0.042

−0.05

82.76 (±382.29)

10.7

69.10 (±235.91)

8.5

0.089

−0.04

Social paediatric centre

171.37 (±451.56)

6.2

161.10 (±363.51)

4.5

< 0.002

0.07

42.16 (±325.12)

5.4

29.83 (±168.55)

3.7

0.056

−0.05

Transportation costs

66.10 (±314.32)

2.4

119.88 (±488.39)

3.4

< 0.0005

0.13

13.73 (±81.33)

1.8

28.35 (±190.25)

3.5

< 0.0005

0.10

Medical aids and applicances

31.22 (±373.67)

1.1

53.25 (±513.27)

1.5

0.050

0.05

39.89 (±488.72)

5.2

49.68 (±490.56)

6.1

0.427

0.02

Rehabilitation

3.79 (±158.83)

0.1

14.44 (±366.27)

0.4

0.130

0.04

6.61 (±224.36)

0.9

13.71 (±327.58)

1.7

0.312

0.03

Direct payments

4.84 (±44.08)

0.2

10.42v(±72.85)

0.3

< 0.0005

0.09

2.76 (±33.79)

0.4

8.43 (±58.31)

1.0

< 0.0005

0.12

Overall Costs

2784.60 (±5037.73)

 

3557.41 (±6723.80)

 

0.253

0.03

773.70 (±5650.52)

 

816.90 (±2578.49)

 

0.698

0.01