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Table 1 Implementation Science Elements Addressed Within the NCCTS Learning Collaborative Model on Adoption & Implementation of EBTs (listed by EPISa Stages of Implementation)b

From: Pilot to policy: statewide dissemination and implementation of evidence-based treatment for traumatized youth

Exploration Phase

 1. Appropriate selection of EBT for population & gap in best practice [60]

 2. EBT format and training to fidelity can be replicated with multiple agencies [4, 5, 61, 62]

 3. Assessment of “readiness” for implementation: Appropriate selection of agencies based on implementation capacity [12, 13, 61]

Preparation Phase

 4. Within selected agencies, selection of appropriate staff (defined team composition, including implementation champions) [13, 63]

 5. Attention to implementation process as part of variance of treatment outcomes [6,7,8, 10, 18, 64]

 6. Practitioner attitudes to EBTs [4, 65]

 7. Challenges to training within service delivery structure [66,67,68]

 8. Organizational readiness, culture, & processes addressed in preparedness & prework [16, 69]

 9. Data monitoring capacity at practitioner & agency level [70]

 10. Use of technology to integrate practice into care [71]

Implementation Phase

 11. Multi-level agency-level organizational readiness to fully implement [72]

 12. Practitioner implementation readiness [73, 74]

 13. Recommended use of adult learning methods & behavioral rehearsal in training [75,76,77]

 14. Consideration of an appropriate coaching model in training and consultation calls [78]

 15. Day-to-day challenges of using assessment to guide practice [79]

 16. Day-to-day challenges to implementing a new treatment within service delivery structure [80,81,82,83]

 17. Model-specific client engagement [11, 84]

 18. Application of quality improvement as a practice change model [25, 26, 30, 31]

Implementation Phase AND (Planning for) Sustainment Phase

 19. Mechanisms to assist & monitor model fidelity [18, 19, 21, 26, 85]

 20. Necessary capacity to use of data at the agency level [3, 86, 87]

 21. Applied use of metrics to assess and guide progress [31, 88, 89]

 22. Use of outcomes (clinical, functional, implementation) [17]

 23. External community stakeholders involved at key levels for referrals, community support & involvement in adoption & sustainment of EBT in community [90,91,92]

 24. Attend to barriers & facilitators of EBT’s sustainability prior to end of training & implementation [93]

 25. Involvement and support of senior leaders for facilitating agency decisions and navigating across leadership on behalf of EBT [92, 94,95,96]

 26. Therapist turnover during & after implementation process [72, 97]

 27. Strategies to assess clinician competence [98, 99]

 28. Model-specific supervision during & post training [5, 67, 100,101,102]

 29. Current & future use of EBT expert consultation & ongoing education for clinicians [103, 104]

  1. aExploration, Preparation, Implementation and Sustainment Framework [2, 9]
  2. bTable developed by Amaya-Jackson, Agosti, & NCCTS Training & Implementation Program (2014). v. 3/2018