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Table 4 Overview of studies included in the meta-analysis of dysphagia attributable LOS reported in cohort studies of patients presenting with stroke

From: Impact of oropharyngeal dysphagia on healthcare cost and length of stay in hospital: a systematic review

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Primary clinical diagnosis

Reported LOS Dysphagia. Mean +/− SD days

Reported LOS No-dysphagia.Mean +/− SD days

Mean difference (days)

Varience Standard Error (SE)

t-statistic and significance level

  

n =

 

n =

    

Arnold, M., et al. (2016) Switerland [27]

Ischaemic stroke

118

Total hospitalisation: 7.9 +/− 4.8

452

Total hospitalisation: 7.2 +/−  4.4

0.7

SE: 0.464, 95% CI - 1.6107 to 0.2107

t-statistic −1.510, DF 568, Significance level P = 0.1317

Stroke unit LOS: 4.4 +/− 2.8

Stroke unit LOS: 2.7 +/− 2.4

1.7

SE 0.257, 95% CI - 2.2051 to −1.1949

t-statistic −6.610, DF 568, Significance level P < 0.0001

Falsetti, P., et al. (2009) Italy [37]

neurorehab (non acute) ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke

62

35 +/− 16.7

89

26.6 +/− 12.3

8.4

SE 2.360, 95% CI -13.0634 to −3.7366

t-statistic −3.559, DF 149, Significance level P = 0.0005

Guyomard, V., et al. (2009) UK [39]

Stroke (ischaemic or haemorrhagic)

1506

16.0+/− 9.9

1477

10.5+/− 6.3

5.5

SE 0.304, 95% CI - 6.0970 to −4.9030

t-statistic −18.063, DF 2981, Significance level P < 0.0001

Odderson, I. R., et al. (1995) USA [42]

Acute non-haem CVA

48

8.4 +/− 0.9

76

n = 76, 6.4 (+/− 0.6)

2

SE 1.039, 95% CI - 4.0571 to 0.0571

t-statistic −1.925, DF 122, Significance level P = 0.0566

Teasell, R., et al. 2002 Canada [43]

medullary CVA pts. with and without dysphagia

527

mean total hospital: 66 +/−17 days

380

total hospital: 44 +/−22 days

Difference 22.0

SE 8.712, 95% CI - 40.3024 to −3.6976

t-statistic − 2.525, DF 18, Significance level P = 0.0212

Rehab: 48+/−14 days

Rehab 24+/−17 days

Rehab: Difference 24.0

SEr 6.924, 95% CI - 38.5474 to −9.4526

t-statistic −3.466, DF 18, Significance level P = 0.002

Westergren, A., et al. (1999). Sweden [33]

stroke

60

53.9 +/−35.9

61

25.2 +/−24.6

−28.7

SE 5.533, 95% CI - 39.6481 to −17.7519

t-statistic −5.187, DF 129, Significance level P < 0.0001