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Table 1 Methodological quality of included studies

From: Impact of oropharyngeal dysphagia on healthcare cost and length of stay in hospital: a systematic review

Cohort studies

Authors, date

Design

Sampling - Cohort selection

Presence of dysphagia

Confounders

Outcomes

Statistics

Overall quality rating

 

Retrospective or Prospective

Recruited from similar population

Cohorts similar at baseline

Measure used valid and reliable

Measured similarly for correct allocation

Groups free of dysphagia at start

Identified

Approp strategies to deal with

Measure used valid and reliable

Approp stats used

 

Altman et al., 2010 [11]

Retro

+

˜

x

+

˜

+

+

+

+

Moderate

Arnold et al., 2016 [27]

Retro

+

+

+

+

˜

+

+

+

+

Moderate

Bonilha, et al., 2014 [15]

Retro

+

˜

x

+

˜

+

˜

+

+

Moderate

Bradley et al., 2011 [28]

Retro

+

+

+

+

+

+

x

+

+

Low

Chaw et al., 2012 [35]

Pro

+

+

+

+

+

+

˜

+

˜

Low

Chen & Ke, 2016 [36]

Retro

+

˜

+

+

˜

+

+

+

+

Moderate

Falsetti et al., 2009 [37]

Pro

+

˜

+

+

˜

+

x

+

+

Low

Ferraris et al., (2001) [38]

Pro

+

˜

+

+

˜

+

˜

+

+

Low

Genther & Gourin, 2015 [16]

Retro

+

˜

x

+

˜

+

+

+

+

Moderate

Gourin et al., 2015 [17]

Retro

+

˜

x

+

˜

+

+

+

+

Moderate

Guyomard et al., 2009 [39]

Retro

+

˜

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

Moderate

Hogue et al., 1995 [29]

Retro

+

+

+

+

˜

+

+

+

+

Moderate

Holmes et al., 2016 [32]

Retro

+

˜

+

+

+

˜

x

+

+

Low

Macht et al., 2013 [40]

Retro

+

˜

+

+

˜

˜

˜

+

+

Low

Macht et al., 2011 [41]

Retro

+

˜

+

+

˜

+

+

+

+

Moderate

Nilsson et al., 1998 [31]

Pro

+

+

x

+

˜

x

x

+

+

Low

Odderson et al., 1995 [42]

Pro

+

+

x

+

˜

x

x

+

+

Low

Rao et al., 2005 [26]

˜

˜

˜

˜

˜

˜

x

x

+

˜

Very low

Smithard et al., 1996 [12]

Pro

+

+

+

+

˜

+

˜

+

+

Moderate

Teasell et al., 2002 [43]

Retro

+

+

+

+

˜

x

x

+

+

Low

Tian et al., 2013 [44]

Retro

+

+

x

+

˜

+

+

+

+

Moderate

Westergren et al., 1999 [33]

Pro

+

+

+

+

˜

+

x

+

+

Low

Young et al., 1990 [30]

Retro

+

+

x

+

˜

+

x

+

x

Low

  1. Key:
  2. + completed and reported in study
  3. X not completed in study
  4. ˜ unclear whether completed as not reported