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Table 2 Predicting use of ED services among NHPIs: Odds-Ratio and Confidence Interval (95% CI)a

From: Frequency and predictors of health services use by Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders: evidence from the U.S. National Health Interview Survey

 

Model 1: Predisposing, Enabling, and Evaluated Needs

 

Model 2: Predisposing, Enabling, and Perceived Needs

Single

vs. Non-Users

Multiple

vs. Non-Users

Multiple

vs. Single

 

Single

vs. Non-Users

Multiple

vs. Non-Users

Multiple

vs. Single

Predisposing factors

   

 Age

1.007

(0.997-1.018)

1.010

(0.993-1.027)

1.002

(0.993-1.011)

 

1.008

(0.997-1.020)

1.015*

(1.001-1.030)

1.007

(0.998-1.015)

 Females

0.861

(0.627-1.181)

0.823

(0.538-1.261)

0.957

(0.801-1.143)

 

0.914

(0.707-1.182)

0.852

(0.526-1.383)

0.933

(0.731-1.191)

 High-school or less

1.083

(0.564-2.081)

1.109

(0.487-2.526)

1.024

(0.851-1.232)

 

1.088

(0.621-1.906)

1.161

(0.451-2.988)

1.067

(0.721-1.581)

 High-school/GED

1.208

(0.795-1.835)

1.277

(0.815-2.000)

1.057

(0.901-1.240)

 

1.088

(0.621-1.906)

1.111

(0.590-2.092)

1.067

(0.721-1.581)

 Married/living with partner

0.721

(0.423-1.228)

0.655

(0.333-1.288)

0.908

(0.648-1.273)

 

0.757

(0.441-1.298)

0.609

(0.279-1.329)

0.806

(0.566-1.148)

 Unemployed

1.002

(0.652-1.540)

1.003

(0.575-1.748)

1.001

(0.882-1.135)

 

0.951

(0.694-1.304)

0.915

(0.518-1.616)

0.962

(0.742-1.246)

 Born in the US

1.302

(0.841-2.014)

1.407

(0.810-2.445)

1.081

(0.823-1.420)

 

1.184

(0.793-1.767)

1.349

(0.703-2.590)

1.140

(0.841-1.544)

Enabling factors

   

  < 100% FPL

1.387

(0.705-2.731)

1.528

(0.563-4.148)

1.101

(0.716-1.695)

 

1.158

(0.620-2.164)

1.297

(0.391-4.304)

1.120

(0.621-2.022)

 100-199% FPL

1.433

(0.875-2.348)

1.593*

(1.023-2.482)

1.112

(0.829-1.492)

 

1.128

(0.738-1.726)

1.239

(0.633-2.427)

1.098

(0.838-1.440)

 200-399% FPL

1.003

(0.656-1.533)

1.004

(0.580-1.738)

1.001

(0.883-1.134)

 

0.925

(0.645-1.328)

0.871

(0.460-1.650)

0.942

(0.708-1.254)

 Uninsured

0.920

(0.263-3.224)

0.898

(0.166-4.850)

0.976

(0.631-1.509)

 

0.936

(0.369-2.379)

0.890

(0.159-4.982)

0.950

(0.431-2.097)

 Usual source of care

1.102

(0.425-2.859)

1.134

(0.315-4.085)

1.029

(0.734-1.443)

 

1.086

(0.464-2.538)

1.157

(0.251-5.329)

1.066

(0.538-2.110)

 Use eHealth information

1.520

(0.917-2.519)

1.719*

(1.080-2.736)

1.131

(0.792-1.616)

 

1.436

(0.912-2.262)

1.901*

(1.137-3.180)

1.117

(0.873-1.430)

 Ability to afford health care

1.236

(0.990-1.543)

1.316

(0.823-2.105)

1.064

(0.809-1.400)

 

1.154

(0.980-1.359)

1.290

(0.893-1.864)

1.12

(0.873-1.437)

 Neighborhood social support

0.951

(0.884-1.023)

0.937*

(0.881-0.997)

0.985

(0.948-1.025)

 

0.971

(0.914-1.031)

0.948

(0.877-1.026)

0.977

(0.949-1.006)

 Barriers to health care access

1.138

(0.809-1.601)

1.183

(0.797-1.756)

1.039

(0.916-1.179)

 

1.151

(0.837-1.582)

1.283

(0.804-2.048)

1.115

(0.916-1.357)

Evaluated needs (CDs)

   

Perceived needs (health status)

   

 1

1.191

(0.763-1.860)

1.254

(0.715-2.199)

1.053

(0.862-1.286)

 Good

0.484*

(0.282-0.830)

0.275**

(0.107-0.708)

0.570

(0.241-1.347)

  ≥ 2

1.881

(0.971-3.645)

2.267**

(1.399-3.672)

1.205

(0.714-2.034)

 Very good

0.369**

(0.202-0.674)

0.170***

(0.074-0.391)

0.462

(0.161-1.324)

    

 Excellent

0.451**

(0.254-0.801)

0.243**

(0.090-0.659)

0.540

(0.212-1.374)

  1. Source: NHPI-NHIS 2014
  2. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001
  3. aReferent: More than high-school; other marital status (widowed, divorced or separated, never married); ≥400% FPL; insured; no usual source of care; did not use eHealth; No CD; poor-fair health)