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Table 3 Levels and shares of total out-of-pocket expenditure (mean OOPs) for outpatient care

From: Assessing out-of-pocket expenditures for primary health care: how responsive is the Democratic Republic of Congo health system to providing financial risk protection?

 

Mean

SD

Frequency

Mean share of total OOPs

SD

Individuals who used care (n1 = 2412)

Aggregate costs (mean, sd, n, %)

 Overall reported cost

6.20

0.35

100.0%

naa

na

Care users who spent >USD 0 (n2 = 2168)

Aggregate costs (mean, sd, n, %)

 Overall reported OOPs

6.77

0.37

100.0%

na

na

 Overall reported cost, per visit

6.61

0.37

100.0%

na

na

Itemized OOPs

 Total medical cost, per visit

6.37

0.38

100.0%

97.7%

0.9%

  Drugs and medicines

4.90

0.34

99.7%

62.3%

8.9%

  Consultation

2.33

0.27

74.9%

32.7%

9.0%

  Laboratory tests

1.05

0.12

38.5%

1.4%

0.5%

  X-ray

0.63

0.26

14.1%

0.8%

0.4%

  Medical products

0.02

0.01

13.2%

0.5%

0.2%

 Total non-medical cost, per visit

2.71

0.58

7.6%

2.3%

0.9%

  Transportation

0.45

0.22

15.0%

0.7%

0.3%

  Other

0.64

0.12

19.9%

1.6%

0.7%

Health sector

 Public medical

7.00

9.39

67.3%

na

na

 Private medical

7.30

12.76

25.2%

na

na

 Informal

3.93

8.28

7.5%

na

na

Excessive OOPs analysis groups

 Low (<p50)

1.31

0.69

37.7%

na

na

 Medium-high (≥p50)

3.89

0.82

27.7%

na

na

 High (≥ 2 times p50)

6.87

0.80

13.5%

na

na

 Extremely high (≥ 3 times p50)

21.66

15.28

21.1%

na

na

Setting

 Rural

6.40

9.61

88.1%

na

na

 Urban

10.88

16.15

11.9%

na

na

Study areas

 Equateur

4.44

6.02

26.2%

na

na

 Kasai-Occidental / Oriental

5.82

10.25

36.8%

na

na

 Maniema / Orientale

9.69

11.58

37.0%

na

na

Gender

 Female

7.07

10.58

55.1%

na

na

 Male

6.26

10.07

44.9%

na

na

Health insurance status

 Covered, any scheme

8.53

16.28

3.9%

na

na

  Mutual health organization

5.22

7.80

86.6%

na

na

  Employer-offered plan

19.39

29.23

12.2%

na

na

  Other commercial plan

6.00

na

1.2%

na

na

 Uncovered

6.70

10.28

96.1%

na

na

  1. All estimates are weighted and reported for individuals who spent money for outpatient care
  2. ana Not applicable