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Table 4 Bivariate Analysis of Health Insurance, Independent Variables by Regional and Rural/Urban

From: Differences in the determinants of health insurance enrolment among working-age adults in two regions in Ghana

  

Total Sample (N = 4214)

Urban (N = 2171)

Rural (N = 2043)

  

GAR (N = 2171)

WR (N = 2043)

p-value

GAR (N = 1407)

WR (N = 764)

P-value

GAR (N = 780)

WR (N = 1263)

P-value

Enrolment in Health Insurance

 Uninsured (%)

56.51

43.49

0.000***

68.92

31.08

0.004**

43.04

56.96

0.019*

 Insured (%)

45.35

54.65

 

58.82

41.18

 

31.47

68.53

 

Type of Health Insurance

 Other Health Insurance (%)

60.18

39.82

0.032*

81.03

18.97

0.024*

38.18

61.82

0.429

 NHIS (%)

44.32

55.68

 

57.26

42,74

 

31.01

68.99

 

Average Age

38.79

36.59

0.002**

39.26

37.43

0.078

27.97

36.09

0.051*

Sex

 Females (%)

52.23

47.77

0.601

64.91

35.09

0.892

38.87

61.13

0.446

 Males (%)

51.47

48.53

 

64.68

35.32

 

37.27

62.73

 

Marital Status

 Never Married (%)

55.63

44.37

0.034*

67.62

32.38

0.319

41.09

58.91

0.366

 Married (%)

49.31

50.69

 

62.56

37.44

 

36.77

63.23

 

 Divorced (%)

52.16

47.83

 

65.18

34.82

 

36.84

63.16

 

Religion

 Other Religion (%)

52.51

47.49

0.889

70.73

27.27

0.260

36.48

63.52

0.786

 Christian (%)

51.83

48.17

 

64.81

35.19

 

38.40

61.60

 

Average Household Size

4.4

4.6

0.252

4.3

4.4

0.655

4.5

4.7

0.519

Educational Level

 No Education (%)

40.73

59.27

0.009**

46.76

53.24

0.006**

37.12

62.88

0.408

 Basic Education (%)

50.64

49.36

 

62.61

37.39

 

40.10

59.90

 

 Secondary Educ. and above (%)

58.28

41.72

 

71.44

28.56

 

34.56

65.44

 

Employment

         

 Unemployed (%)

54.79

45.21

0.122

67.45

32.55

0.263

38.65

61.35

0.857

 Employed (%)

50.63

49.37

 

63.50

36.50

 

38.00

62.00

 

Health Status

 Bad Health (%)

56.72

43.28

0.324

82.18

17.82

0.005**

31.00

69.00

0.493

 Fair Health (%)

55.89

44.11

 

73.56

26.44

 

39.79

60.21

 

 Good Health (%)

51.23

48.77

 

63.08

36.92

 

38.41

61.59

 

Wealth Status

 Poorest (%)

37.03

62.97

0.000***

47.81

52.19

0.005**

31.49

68.51

0.482

 Poor (%)

48.34

51.66

 

61.04

38.96

 

37.88

62.12

 

 Average (%)

51.68

48.32

 

61.86

38.14

 

39.95

60.05

 

 Rich (%)

53.69

46.31

 

62.76

37.24

 

41.46

58.54

 

 Richest (%)

63.81

36.19

 

77.35

22.65

 

41.86

58.14

 

Ownership of Facility

 Private (%)

50.60

49.4

0.869

58.22

41.78

0.696

47.77

52.23

0.204

 Public (%)

52.74

47.26

 

66.53

33.47

 

24.19

75.81

 

Average Time to Health Facility

11.23

13.75

0.106

10.46

16.68

0.018*

12.63

11.92

0.761

  1. Source: COHEiSION Project Baseline Survey of 2012. For continuous variables, means are reported and significant test is based on t-test whiles for categorical variables percentages are reported and significant test is based on Chi-square test.; Note; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001
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BMC Health Services Research

ISSN: 1472-6963

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