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Table 3 Selected behavioural determinant items by retinal screen (N = 129)*

From: A tailored intervention to promote uptake of retinal screening among young adults with type 2 diabetes - an intervention mapping approach

Modifiable behavioural determinants

Retinal screen

p-value

No (n = 33)

Yes (n = 96)

INFORMATION (KNOWLEDGE) ITEMS

 Diabetes can lead to vision loss

30 (91)

93 (97)

.174

 All people with diabetes are at risk of DR

26 (79)

89 (93)

.004

 Recommended target HbA1ca

17 (53)

81 (87)

<.001

 Initiate eye examinations ‘at diabetes diagnosis’

5 (15)

42 (45)

.004

 Screen ‘at least every 2 years’ if no DR present

0 (0)

18 (19)

.003

MOTIVATION ITEMSb An eye health check for DR would be...c

 ...(not) ‘unpleasant’

3.71 (0.94)

3.86 (1.07)

.500

 ...reassuring

3.94 (0.96)

4.63 (0.61)

<.001

 ...important

4.06 (1.06)

4.89 (0.35)

<.001

 ...empowering

3.10 (1.19)

3.73 (0.97)

.004

 ...comfortable

3.26 (1.15)

3.68 (1.10)

.073

I believe I will develop DR due to my diabetesd

4.03 (1.45)

4.14 (1.62)

.734

Expect to be diagnosed with DR at next eye checkd

2.97 (1.47)

2.43 (1.66)

.114

Can reduce risk of vision problems...d

2.32 (1.44)

1.43 (0.79)

.002

If I did NOT have an eye health check for DR, I would feel...d

 ...concerned

5.03 (1.70)

5.88 (1.40)

.007

 ...fearful

4.48 (1.79)

5.13 (1.70)

.073

 ...worried

4.65 (1.80)

5.53 (1.47)

.007

My family/close friends would approve...d

5.94 (1.69)

6.82 (0.80)

.008

I plan to attend an eye health check...d

4.26 (2.32)

6.76 (0.77)

<.001

I intend to have an eye health check...d

4.42 (2.32)

6.74 (0.77)

<.001

BEHAVIOURAL SKILLS ITEMSb,e How confident are you that you...

 ...know steps to reduce the risk of developing DR

2.39 (1.17)

3.06 (1.29)

.012

 ...will remember to have an eye health check…

2.68 (1.35)

4.36 (0.90)

<.001

 ...can talk to your doctor about your eye health

3.39 (1.28)

4.17 (1.03)

.001

 ...can find the time to attend an eye health check…

2.74 (1.37)

4.55 (0.75)

<.001

 ...can afford to pay for the eye health check…

2.68 (1.49)

3.52 (1.48)

.008

  1. DR diabetic retinopathy. Data are number (%) of participants who answered each item correctly (Knowledge items); mean (SD) Motivation and Behavioural skills items. p-value is Pearson’s Chi-Square (or Fisher’s exact test if expected cell count< 5), or Independent-samples t-test (two-sided); statistical significance p < 0.01
  2. *Full detail and construct-level findings provided in Additional file 3
  3. aGlycated haemoglobin (measure of average blood glucose over the past 8–12 weeks, and indicator of DR risk)
  4. bValid n: 121 (motivation items), 120 (behavioural skills items)
  5. Item response range:
  6. c1 (Strongly disagree) to 5 (Strongly agree)
  7. d1 (Strongly disagree) to 7 (Strongly agree)
  8. e1 (Not at all confident) to 5 (Extremely confident)