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Table 2 Data extraction results of specialized features

From: Assessing safety climate in acute hospital settings: a systematic review of the adequacy of the psychometric properties of survey measurement tools

Features

Name of instrument

HSOPSC

(1)

SAQ

(2)

PSCHO

(3)

SOS

(4)

Can-PSC

(5)

Safety Climate Dimensions:

• Number of Dimensions

Safety Climate Dimensions:

• Scope of Dimensions

12

6

9

1

6

Communication openness, Feedback and communication about error, Frequency of event reporting, Handoffs and transitions, Management support for patient safety, Non-punitive response to error, Organisational learning –Continuous improvement, Overall perceptions of patient safety, Staffing, Supervisor/manager expectations & actions promoting safety, Teamwork across units, Teamwork within units.

Teamwork, Safety climate, Job satisfaction, Stress recognition, Perception of management, Working conditions.

Senior manager’s engagement, Organisational resources for safety, Overall emphasis on safety, Unit safety norms, Unit recognition and support for safety efforts, Fear of shame, Provision of safe care, Learning, Fear of blame

Self-reported “behaviours enabling safety culture” through collective mindfulness.

Organisational leadership support for safety, Incident follow-up, Supervisory leadership for safety, Unit learning culture, Enabling open communication I: judgment-free environment, Enabling open communication II: job repercussions of error.

Theoretical basis

Literature review in areas of safety management; organizational & safety climate & culture; medical error & error reporting; patient safety. Existing safety climate and culture instruments.

Based on Vincent’s framework for analyzing risk & safety, Donabedian’s conceptual model for assessing quality Derived from an aviation safety culture questionnaire

High reliability organizations

Derived from a naval aviation safety culture questionnaire

High Reliability organizations

Based on Zohar & Hofmann &Mark’s work on safety climate & error literature Adapted from work by Singer and colleagues

Key features

Tested on a large sample of hospitals

Ability to benchmark data

Self-report outcome measures

Tested on a large sample of hospitals

Cross-industry comparisons

Ability to benchmark data

Favourable scores were associated with shorter lengths of stay& fewer medication errors in other studies

Measures safety climate among all hospital personnel and across multiple hospitals of different types

Cross-industry comparisons

SOS is negatively associated with reported medication errors and patient falls

Validated for use across a range of care settings

Limitations

Supervisor/ Manager Expectations & Actions Promoting Patient Safety CFI =0.88 at unit & hospital levels

Item A7 in the Staffing composite had a low within- unit & within hospital factor loading (0.36). Staffing had Cronbach’s alpha =0.62

(SRMR) model fit statistic at the clinical area level was larger than desirable, indicating further scale refinement

Modest Response Rate

Three individual dimensions demonstrate low internal consistency.

Selection Bias

Validated using a sample composed exclusively of registered nurses

Questions about generalizability

Further research and cross- validation of will be required with international samples

More appropriate for improvement and research

Data was not suitable for multilevel CFA

  1. HSOPSC Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, SAQ Safety Attitudes Questionnaire, PSCHO Patient Safety Climate in Healthcare Organizations, Can-PSC Canadian Patient Safety Climate Scale, SOS Safety Organizing Scale