Table 3 Results from the multivariable confounder model
Variables | Rate Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | |
|---|---|---|
Unadjusted Model | Adjusted Model | |
Status | Â | Â |
 HIV mono-infected | 1 (−) | 1 (−) |
 HIV/HCV co-infected | 1.65 (1.57–1.73) | 1.18 (1.13–1.24) |
Sex | Â | Â |
 Male | 1 (−) | 1 (−) |
 Female | 1.45 (1.36–1.54) | 1.19 (1.13–1.25) |
Age at ART initiation (years) | Â | Â |
 <  30 | 1 (−) | 1 (−) |
 30–39 | 1.08 (1.07–1.10) | Not selected |
 40–49 | 1.23 (1.21–1.25) | |
 ≥ 50 | 1.47 (1.43–1.50) | |
ART era | Â | Â |
 2000–2003 | 1 (−) | 1 (−) |
 2004–2007 | 0.84 (0.77–0.93) | Not selected |
 2008–2011 | 0.82 (0.76–0.87) | |
 2012–2013 | 0.94 (0.87–1.00) | |
CD4 cell count (cells/mm3) (time-varying) | Â | Â |
 <  50 | 2.29 (2.25–2.32) | 2.27 (2.24–2.31) |
 50–199 | 1.45 (1.44–1.47) | 1.44 (1.43–1.46) |
 200–349 | 1.22 (1.21–1.23) | 1.22 (1.21–1.23) |
 ≥ 350 | 1 (−) | 1 (−) |
 Unknown | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 1.00 (0.98–1.01) |
ART Adherence (time-varying) | Â | Â |
 ≥ 95% | 1 (−) | 1 (−) |
 80–94% | 1.19 (1.17–1.20) | Not selected |
 40–79% | 1.20 (1.19–1.22) | |
 <  40% | 1.12 (1.11–1.13) | |
Number of comorbidities (time-varying) | Â | Â |
 0 | 1 (−) | 1 (−) |
 1 | 1.39 (1.32–1.47) | 1.30 (1.23–1.37) |
 2 | 1.87 (1.76–1.99) | 1.64 (1.54–1.75) |
 ≥3 | 2.82 (2.67–2.99) | 2.34 (2.21–2.48) |
Initial ART regimen | Â | Â |
 NNRTI | 1 (−) | 1 (−) |
 bPI | 1.12 (1.07–1.18) | Not selected |
Viral load (log10 copies/mL) (time-varying) | 1.13 (1.13–1.13) | Not selected |