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Table 1 Demographic Characteristics, by PN Reimbursement Status

From: The association between insurance coverage for insulin pen needles and healthcare resource utilization among insulin-dependent patients with diabetes in China

Characteristics

Patients with PN Reimbursement

(N = 142)

Patients without PN Reimbursement

(N = 258)

p-value*

Patient age (years)

 Mean (SD)

62.4 (9.6)

58.0 (12.2)

0.0002

 Median (Q1, Q3)

63 (57, 70)

59.5 (50, 67)

Sex

 Male (%)

65 (45.8)

135 (52.3)

0.2518

 Female (%)

77 (54.2)

123 (47.7)

Education level

 Primary school level or below (%)

19 (13.4)

30 (11.6)

0.2204

 Junior school level (%)

51 (35.9)

75 (29.1)

 High school level (%)

31 (21.8)

68 (26.4)

 Bachelor’s degree (%)

38 (26.8)

80 (31.0)

 Master’s degree or above (%)

1 (0.7)

5 (1.9)

 Other (%)

2 (1.4)

0 (0.0)

Type of medical insurancea,b

 Urban employee medical insurance (%)

123 (87.2)

104 (41.1)

<  0.0001

 Urban resident medical insurance (%)

12 (8.5)

66 (26.1)

 New rural cooperation medical insurance (%)

1 (0.7)

48 (19.0)

 Commercial insurance (%)

0 (0.0)

2 (0.8)

 Free medical service (%)

2 (1.4)

24 (9.5)

 Other (%)

0 (0.0)

3 (1.2)

 More than 1 type (%)

3 (2.1)

6 (2.4)

Incomea

 No income (%)

3 (2.1)

30 (11.6)

0.0002

 Below 1000 RMB (%)

4 (2.8)

16 (6.2)

 1001–3000 RMB (%)

92 (64.8)

109 (42.3)

 3001–5000 RMB (%)

35 (24.7)

71 (27.5)

 5001–10,000 RMB (%)

6 (4.2)

25 (9.7)

 10,001–25,000 RMB (%)

1 (0.7)

4 (1.6)

 Above 25,000 RMB (%)

1 (0.7)

3 (1.2)

  1. Q1 Lower 25th percentile, Q3 upper 25th percentile, SD Standard deviation
  2. *P-values were obtained using the χ2 test, with the exception of education level and type of medical insurance where the Fisher Exact test was used; p-values < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant
  3. aPercentages represent column percentages
  4. b6 observations were missing responses for medical insurance