Variable | Mean (SD) / N (%) | Test statistics | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Intervention group (N = 1943) | Control group (N = 3719) | |||
Sex | Male | 1052 (54.14%) | 2014 (54.15%) | – |
Female | 891 (45.86%) | 1705 (45.85%) | ||
Age groups | 41–45 years | 8 (0.41%) | 15 (0.41%) | – |
46–50 years | 22 (1.13%) | 42 (1.12%) | ||
51–55 years | 46 (2.37%) | 88 (2.36%) | ||
56–60 years | 69 (3.55%) | 132 (3.54%) | ||
61–65 years | 127 (6.54%) | 243 (6.52%) | ||
66–70 years | 305 (15.70%) | 585 (15.72%) | ||
71–75 years | 426 (21.92%) | 816 (21.93%) | ||
76–80 years | 441 (22.70%) | 845 (22.73%) | ||
81–85 years | 314 (16.16%) | 601 (16.16%) | ||
86–90 years | 159 (8.18%) | 304 (8.18%) | ||
91–95 years | 26 (1.34%) | 49 (1.33%) | ||
Mean age [years] | 74.44 (SD 8.97) | 74.48 (SD 9.04) | t = − 0.125, p = 0.9004 | |
NYHA class | NYHA I | 19 (0.98%) | 36 (0.98%) | – |
NYHA II | 614 (31.60%) | 1175 (31.60%) | ||
NYHA III | 779 (40.09%) | 1491 (40.09%) | ||
NYHA IV | 531 (27.33%) | 1016 (27.33%) | ||
Hospital admissions | All causes | 2.54 (SD 1.73) | 2.53 (SD 1.88) | t = 0.090, p = 0.9283 |
(baseline year) | Related to CHF | 1.37 (SD 0,86) | 1.37 (SD 0.86) | – |
Emergency hospitalization (baseline year) | All causes | 0.65 (SD 1.27) | 0.55 (SD 1.30) | t = 2.752, p = 0.0059** |
Total health costs [€] (quarterly mean in baseline year, SD) | All regions | 3747 (3007) | 3750 (3021) | t = −0.037, p = 0.9705 |
Urban | 3723 (2900) | 3959 (3503) | t = −1.555, p = 0.1201 | |
Rural | 3820 (3313) | 3677 (2829) | t = 0.882, p = 0.3777 | |
Health cost [€] (mean, SD) | In-patient | 2464 (2376) | 2403 (2322) | t = 0.896, p = 0.3702 |
Outpatient | 296 (635) | 294 (764) | t = 0.126, p = 0.9000 | |
Drugs | 547 (788) | 564 (751) | t = − 0.752, p = 0.4523 | |
Remedy | 49 (131) | 39 (126) | t = 2.705, p = 0.0068** | |
Adjuvant | 97 (213) | 110 (226) | t = −2.100, p = 0.0358* | |
Home health care | 127 (525) | 140.06 (426) | t = −0.919, p = 0.3583 | |
Travel costs | 160 (271) | 198 (304) | t = −4.660, p < 0.0001*** | |
Rehabilitation | 7 (44) | 3 (27) | t = 3.738, p = 0.0002*** | |
Medication (percentage “yes” per active agent in baseline quarter) | Angiotensin-converting enzymes | 845 (43.49%) | 1637 (44.01%) | Chi2 = 0.119, p = 0.7301 |
Beta-blockers | 1261 (64.90%) | 2340 (62.93%) | Chi2 = 2.057, p = 0.1515 | |
Renin-inhibitors | 36 (1.85%) | 51 (1.36%) | Chi2 = 1.754, p = 0.1853 | |
Cardiac glycosides | 279 (14.36%) | 548 (14.73%) | Chi2 = 0.111, p = 0.7388 | |
Diuretics | 1298 (66.80%) | 2507 (67.40%) | Chi2 = 0.178, p = 0.6727 | |
AT1 receptor blocker | 385 (19.81%) | 651 (17.51%) | Chi2 = 4.397, p = 0.0360* | |
Mental and behavioral disorders | Yes | 743 (38.24%) | 1421 (38.20%) | – |
disorders (baseline quarter) | No | 1200 (61.76%) | 2298 (61.80%) | |
Residential Area | Berlin | 1461 (75.19%) | 969 (26.06%) | Chi2 = 1411.6, p < 0.0001*** |
Brandenburg | 436 (22.44%) | 1482 (39.84%) | ||
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania | 27 (1.39%) | 1235 (33.20%) | ||
Other | 19 (0.98%) | 34 (0.90%) | ||
Nursing care level of carea | No care | 1398 (71.95%) | 2678 (72.02%) | Chi2 = 20.932, p = 0.0001*** |
Level 1 | 376 (19.35%) | 615 (16.53%) | ||
Level 2 | 159 (8.18%) | 370 (9.94%) | ||
Level 3 | 10 (0.51%) | 56 (1.52%) | ||
Living in nursing home | Yes | 159 (8.18%) | 498 (13.39%) | Chi2 = 33.182, p < 0.0001*** |
No | 1784 (91.82%) | 3221 (86.61%) |