Table 3 Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) for the association between health insurance coverage and maternal health service utilization among women of reproductive age in Tanzania (N = 4513)
Variable | Timing of the first Antenatal visit | Completing recommended number of antenatal visits | Birth attended by a skilled health worker | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AOR | 95% CI | P value | AOR | 95% CI | P value | AOR | 95% CI | P value | |
Health insurance coverage: | |||||||||
No | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Yes | 1.855 | 1.375–2.503 | *** | 1.331 | 0.782–2.267 | 2.012 | 1.458–2.775 | *** | |
Age groups: | |||||||||
15–19 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
20–24 | 1.465 | 1.060–2.026 | ** | 5.367 | 1.280–22.51 | ** | 0.041 | 0.754–0.576 | * |
25–29 | 1.055 | 0.751–1.483 | 5.786 | 1.385–24.17 | ** | 0.023 | 0.723–0.546 | * | |
30–34 | 0.836 | 0.581–1.202 | 5.874 | 1.396–24.71 | ** | 0.008 | 0.677–0.506 | ** | |
35–39 | 0.949 | 0.657–1.370 | 5.883 | 1.390–24.91 | ** | 0.106 | 0.783–0.582 | ||
40–44 | 0.795 | 0.506–1.250 | 2.911 | 0.621–13.65 | 0.006 | 0.614–0.432 | ** | ||
45–49 | 0.673 | 0.313–1.450 | 2.254 | 0.298–17.06 | 0.633 | 0.877–0.511 | |||
Area of Residence: | |||||||||
Rural | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Urban | 1.255 | 1.054–1.345 | ** | 1.454 | 0.775–2.726 | 0.511 | 0.388–0.673 | *** | |
Marital Status: | |||||||||
Single | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Married | 1.202 | 0.861–1.679 | 1.625 | 0.485–5.436 | 0.899 | 0.656–1.231 | |||
Separated/widowed | 1.327 | 0.880–2.002 | 1.325 | 0.367–4.782 | 0.732 | 0.504–1.063 | |||
Zones: | |||||||||
Eastern | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Western | 0.391 | 0.268–0.572 | *** | 1.086 | 0.516–2.287 | 0.654 | 0.457–0.937 | * | |
Southern | 1.118 | 0.756–1.653 | 1.355 | 0.477–3.847 | 0.626 | 0.412–0.951 | * | ||
Southern Highlands | 0.765 | 0.543–1.079 | *** | 0.526 | 0.204–1.352 | 3.669 | 2.325–5.790 | *** | |
Southern West Highland | 0.381 | 0.266–0.546 | *** | 0.853 | 0.402–1.809 | 0.475 | 0.335–0.673 | *** | |
Central | 0.298 | 0.204–0.436 | ** | 1.432 | 0.688–2.983 | 0.499 | 0.352–0.709 | *** | |
Northern | 0.568 | 0.398–0.809 | *** | 0.483 | 0.184–1.265 | 0.360 | 0.248–0.522 | *** | |
Lake | 0.323 | 0.238–0.438 | *** | 1.414 | 0.719–2.782 | 0.448 | 0.327–0.615 | *** | |
Zanzibar | 0.512 | 0.363–0.722 | *** | 1.641 | 0.784–3.434 | 0.210 | 0.146–0.303 | *** | |
Births in the past 5 yrs.: | |||||||||
One | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Two or more | 1.277 | 1.071–1.523 | ** | 1.681 | 0.000 | 0.589 | 0.510–0.679 | *** | |
Educational level: | |||||||||
No education | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Primary incomplete | 1.415 | 1.071–1.869 | ** | 0.974 | 0.681–1.393 | 1.209 | 0.974–1.500 | ||
Primary Complete | 1.212 | 0.962–1.528 | 0.769 | 0.575–1.029 | 1.335 | 1.126–1.583 | ** | ||
Secondary or higher | 0.817 | 0.581–1.150 | 0.658 | 0.365–1.186 | 2.102 | 1.564–2.824 | *** | ||
Wealth: | |||||||||
Poorest | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Poorer | 0.988 | 0.79–1.286 | 1.200 | 0.859–1.676 | 1.326 | 1.092–1.609 | ** | ||
Middle | 1.082 | 0.830–1.411 | 0.989 | 0.696–1.406 | 1.463 | 1.200–1.783 | *** | ||
Richer | 1.228 | 0.931–1.621 | 0.829 | 0.544–1.262 | 2.369 | 1.898–2.958 | *** | ||
Richest | 1.605 | 1.126–2.288 | ** | 0.686 | 0.344–1.369 | 4.527 | 3.239–6.326 | *** | |
Occupation: | |||||||||
Unemployed | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Self employed | 1.104 | 0.828–1.473 | 0.930 | 0.587–1.473 | 0.760 | 0.591–0.978 | * | ||
Manual laborer | 1.191 | 0.884–1.605 | 0.547 | 0.296–1.009 | 1.306 | 0.978–1.743 | |||
Employed | 1.254 | 0.808–1.946 | 0.508 | 0.144–1.788 | 1.289 | 0.784–2.120 | |||