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Table 2 Distribution of participants by factors affecting use of maternal and child health services during pregnancy and birth in Tanzania (N = 4513)

From: Health insurance is important in improving maternal health service utilization in Tanzania—analysis of the 2011/2012 Tanzania HIV/AIDS and malaria indicator survey

Variable

Timing of the 1st ANC Visit

Completed recommended number of ANC visits

Birth attended by a skilled worker

Yes

No

P-value

Yes

No

P-value

Yes

No

P-value

N

%

N

%

N

%

N

%

N

%

N

%

Health insurance coverage:

 Yes

76

27.0

205

73.0

***

19

6.8

262

93.2

 

218

77.6

63

22.4

***

 No

686

16.2

3546

83.8

303

7.2

3929

92.8

2332

55.1

1900

44.9

Age group:

 15–19

62

15.7

334

84.3

**

2

0.5

394

99.5

**

262

66.2

134

33.8

**

 20–24

229

20.9

868

79.1

77

7.0

1020

93.0

627

57.2

470

42.8

 25–29

197

17.0

960

83.0

103

8.9

1054

91.1

657

56.8

500

43.2

 30–34

117

14.3

702

85.7

71

8.7

748

91.3

442

54.0

377

46.0

 35–39

108

16.0

567

84.0

56

8.3

619

91.7

376

55.7

299

44.3

 40–44

40

13.7

251

86.3

11

3.8

280

96.2

144

49.5

147

50.5

 45–49

9

11.5

69

88.5

2

2.6

76

97.4

42

53.8

36

46.2

Area of Residence:

 Rural

149

20.5

579

79.5

***

16

2.2

712

97.8

***

627

86.1

101

13.9

***

 Urban

613

16.2

3751

83.1

306

8.1

3479

91.9

1923

50.8

1862

49.2

Education level:

 No education

127

12.5

885

87.5

***

112

11.1

900

88.9

***

400

39.5

612

60.5

***

 Primary incomplete

125

18.8

541

81.2

59

8.9

607

91.1

332

49.8

334

50.2

 Primary Complete

406

18.1

1832

81.9

131

5.9

2107

94.1

1359

60.7

879

39.3

 Secondary or higher

104

17.4

493

82.6

20

3.4

577

96.6

459

76.9

138

23.1

Wealth:

 Poorest

137

14.4

815

85.6

***

81

8.5

871

91.5

***

372

39.1

580

60.9

***

 Poorer

141

14.5

830

85.5

96

9.9

875

90.1

458

47.2

513

52.8

 Middle

147

15.4

808

84.6

78

8.2

877

91.8

486

50.9

469

49.1

 Richer

169

18.4

749

81.6

50

5.4

868

94.6

612

66.7

306

33.3

 Richest

168

23.4

549

76.6

17

2.4

700

97.6

622

86.8

95

13.2

Marital status:

 Single

58

18.4

257

81.6

0.524

3

1.0

312

99.0

***

238

75.6

77

24.4

***

 Married

627

16.6

3149

83.4

297

7.9

3479

92.1

2087

55.3

1689

44.7

 Separated/Widowed

77

18.2

345

81.8

22

5.2

400

94.8

225

53.3

197

46.7

Occupation:

 Unemployed

108

18.9

462

81.1

***

36

6.3

534

93.7

***

380

66.7

190

33.3

***

 Self employed

87

22.8

295

77.2

24

6.3

358

93.7

198

51.8

184

48.2

 Manual laborer

128

20.4

499

79.6

18

2.9

609

97.1

467

74.5

160

25.5

 Employed

438

14.9

2494

85.1

244

8.3

2688

91.7

1504

51.3

1428

48.7

Number of births in last 5 yrs.:

 1

444

20.2

1758

79.8

***

0

0.0

2202

100.0

***

1488

67.6

714

32.4

***

 2 or more

318

13.8

1993

86.2

322

13.9

1989

86.1

1062

46.0

1249

54.0

Zone:

 Eastern

127

31.1

282

68.9

***

11

2.7

398

97.3

***

337

82.4

72

17.6

***

 Western

55

13.6

349

86.4

34

8.4

370

91.6

220

54.5

184

45.5

 Southern

64

32.2

135

67.8

7

3.5

192

96.5

116

58.3

83

41.7

 Southern Highlands

91

25.0

273

75.0

9

2.5

355

97.5

327

89.8

37

10.2

 South West highlands

66

13.4

425

86.6

31

6.3

460

3.7

240

48.9

251

51.1

 Central

53

11.3

414

88.7

41

8.8

426

91.2

238

51.0

229

49.0

 Northern

64

19.2

270

80.8

8

2.4

326

97.6

183

54.8

151

45.2

 Lake

148

11.7

1120

88.3

131

10.3

1137

89.7

589

46.5

679

53.5

 Zanzibar

94

16.3

483

83.7

50

8.7

527

91.3

300

52.0

277

48.0

  1. Here *, ** and *** indicate p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001 respectively