Physicians characteristics | Numbers | Level of training | Unadjusted odds ratio | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senior physicians (n = 43) | Junior physicians (n = 116) | ||||
Gender (n = 156) | 42 | 114 | |||
Male (n = 93) | 27 | 66 | 1.31 (0.6–2.7) | 0.471 | |
Female (n = 63) | 15 | 48 | |||
Age of respondents (n = 159) | 39.4 ± 6.5 | 29.3 ± 4.0 | 2.71 (1.04–5.02) | 0.001 | |
Level of antibiotic resistance in hospital (n = 157) | 42 | 115 | |||
Very important (n = 14) | 4 | 10 | 1.11 (0.33–3.73) | 1 | |
Important (n = 81) | 26 | 55 | 1.77 (0.86–3.65) | 0.118 | |
Not Important (n = 16) | 3 | 13 | 0.60 (0.16–2.23) | 0.561 | |
Don’t know(n = 46) | 9 | 37 | 0.57 (0.25–1.32) | 0.191 | |
Level of antibiotic resistance in unit (n = 154) | 74 | 80 | |||
Very important (n = 9) | 6 | 3 | 2.26 (0.55–9.41) | 0.313 | |
Important (n = 56) | 30 | 26 | 1.41 (0.73–2.74) | 0.300 | |
Not important (n = 42) | 15 | 27 | 0.50 (0.24–1.04) | 0.061 | |
Don’t know(n = 48) | 23 | 24 | 1.05 (0.53–2.09) | 0.887 | |
Level of antibiotic resistance in Ghana (n = 157) | 42 | 115 | |||
Very important (n = 29) | 5 | 24 | 0.51 (0.18–1.44) | 0.200 | |
Important (n = 76) | 24 | 52 | 1.61 (0.79–3.29) | 0.185 | |
Not important (n = 7) | 2 | 3 | 1.86 (0.30–11.59) | 0.610 | |
Don’t know(n = 47) | 11 | 36 | 0.78 (0.35–1.72) | 0.381 | |
Level of antibiotic resistance worldwide (n = 156) | 41 | 115 | |||
Very important(n = 103) | 30 | 73 | 1.26 (0.59–2.69) | 0.543 | |
Important(n = 51) | 13 | 38 | 0.86 (0.40–1.83) | 0.689 | |
Not important (n = 2) | 0 | 2 | – | 1 | |
Antibiotics used appropriately in department (n = 152) | 40 | 112 | |||
Yes(n = 110) | 29 | 81 | 1.01 (0.45–2.26) | 1.00 | |
No (n = 42) | 11 | 31 | |||
Knowledge of VRE (n = 152) | 113 | 39 | |||
Yes (n = 74) | 48 | 26 | 2.71 (1.26–5.81) | 0.009 | |
No(n = 78) | 65 | 13 | |||
Have ever managed VRE (n = 155) | 115 | 40 | |||
Yes(n = 6) | 3 | 3 | 3.03 (0.59–15.65) | 0.339 | |
No(n = 149) | 112 | 37 | |||
Extent of VRE problem in hospital (n = 143) | 115 | 41 | |||
Very serious(n = 4) | 3 | 1 | 0.93 (0.09–9.23) | 1 | |
Serious(n = 16) | 11 | 5 | 1.31 (0.43–4.03 | 0.764 | |
Not serious(n = 136) | 101 | 35 | 0.81 (0.29–2.27) | 0.689 | |
Knowledge of CRE (n = 157) | 116 | 41 | |||
Yes (n = 59) | 34 | 25 | 3.77 (1.79–7.93) | 0.001 | |
No (n = 98) | 82 | 16 | |||
Have ever managed CRE (n = 158) | 116 | 42 | |||
Yes (n = 7) | 5 | 2 | 1.11 (0.21–5.95) | 1 | |
No (n = 151) | 111 | 40 | |||
Extent of CRE problem in hospital (n = 18) | 9 | 9 | |||
Very serious (n = 3) | 2 | 1 | 0.44 (0.03–5.93) | 1 | |
Serious (n = 7) | 3 | 4 | 1.6 (0.24–10.81) | 1 | |
Not serious (n = 8) | 4 | 4 | 1 (0.16–6.42) | 1 | |
Knowledge of ESBLs (n = 152) | 111 | 41 | |||
Yes (n = 78) | 48 | 30 | 3.57 (1.63–7.85) | 0.001 | |
No(n = 74) | 63 | 11 | |||
Have ever managed ESBLs (n = 156) | 114 | 42 | |||
Yes (n = 27) | 11 | 16 | 5.76 (2.39–13.89) | 0.001 | |
No (n = 129) | 103 | 26 | |||
No(n = 115) | 89 | 26 | |||
Extent of ESBL problem in hospital (n = 38) | 23 | 15 | |||
Very serious (n = 6) | 4 | 2 | 0.73 (0.11–4.59) | 1 | |
Serious (n = 25) | 15 | 10 | 1.06 (0.26–4.22) | 0.921 | |
Not serious(n = 7) | 4 | 3 | 1.19 (0.22–6.26) | 1 | |
Knowledge of MRSA (n = 152) | 112 | 40 | |||
Yes (150) | 110 | 40 | 0.36 (0.04–2.67) | 0.575 | |
No (n = 4) | 2 | 2 | |||
Have ever managed MRSA(n = 152) | 76 | 75 | |||
Yes (n = 32) | 17 | 32 | 2.67 (1.32–5.41) | 0.005 | |
No (n = 104) | 61 | 43 | |||
Extent of MRSA problem in hospital (n = 85) | 64 | 21 | |||
Very serious (n = 25) | 20 | 5 | 0.68 (0.22–2.13) | 0.517 | |
Serious (n = 53) | 41 | 12 | 0.75 (0.27–2.041) | 0.571 | |
Not serious(n = 7) | 3 | 4 | 4.78 (0.97–23.47) | 0.061 | |
Correct order of resistance in hospital (n = 156) | 114 | 42 | |||
EMVC (n = 17)a | 8 | 9 | 3.61 (1.39–10.11) | 0.018 | |
Others (n = 137) | 104 | 33 |