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Table 2 Selected baseline demographic, clinical, and service utilization characteristics at the time of application to the New York City supportive housing program by Medicaid expenditure patterns

From: Impact of a New York City supportive housing program on Medicaid expenditure patterns among people with serious mental illness and chronic homelessness

 

Very low coverage

Low user

Middle user

Emerging user

Second-highest user

High user

p-values

N: total

432

292

481

663

545

414

 

N: placed vs. unplaced

71 vs. 361

71 vs. 221

140 vs. 341

172 vs. 491

186 vs. 359

97 vs. 317

 
    

Column %

   

Age at the first eligibility for the program

       

 18–34 years

20

9

19

21

11

12

<  0.01

 35–44 years

19

23

27

28

25

32

 

 45–54 years

34

41

32

37

44

43

 

  ≥ 55 years

27

28

21

14

20

13

 

Gender

 Female

23

24

37

27

38

28

< 0.01

 Male

77

76

63

73

62

72

 

Race/ethnicity

 Non-Hispanic white

17

16

14

15

16

11

< 0.01

 Non-Hispanic black

58

58

56

51

45

58

 

 Hispanic

22

22

27

29

36

29

 

 Others

3

3

3

4

3

2

 

Education

 Less than a high school diploma

43

38

45

43

50

56

< 0.01

 High school diploma or higher

54

58

53

54

47

43

 

 Others

3

4

2

3

3

1

 

Current substance use pattern

 Never

73

64

77

76

80

67

< 0.01

 Less than weekly or once a week

8

8

5

7

6

11

 

 Several times per week

8

11

7

8

8

9

 

 Daily

8

11

5

5

4

6

 

 Unknown

4

5

5

5

2

7

 

Currently participating in a substance use treatment course

9

9

11

22

43

36

< 0.01

Past psychiatric hospitalization

28

27

28

30

30

43

< 0.01

Currently receiving supplemental security income/disability

28

51

43

26

53

50

< 0.01

Diagnoses with mental illness except for substance use disorders

100

100

100

100

100

100

0.74

Diagnosed with substance use disorders

48

49

43

48

56

69

< 0.01

Number activities of daily living for which require assistance

 0

70

70

76

78

73

69

< 0.01

 1

16

15

12

15

16

17

 

 2+

14

15

12

7

11

14

 
 

Mean (standard deviation)

Total Medicaid costs during 2 years prior to baseline

$6538 (18,831)

$24,504 (39,554)

$20,349 (19,700)

$32,042 (32,975)

$56,683 (34,390)

$149,203 (97,882)

 

Specific Medicaid costs during 2 years prior to baselinea

 Outpatient care

$799 (2269)

$2039 (3505)

$3120 (3921)

$6134 (8576)

$16,170 (12,137)

$17,255 (18,254)

 

 Inpatient care

$4583 (17,523)

$18,116 (36,986)

$9014 (17,980)

$17,430 (29,223)

$19,131 (30,993)

$88,800 (92,682)

 

 Emergency department visits

$134 (360)

$528 (1102)

$531 (1030)

$771 (1219)

$1167 (2410)

$2342 (4782)

 

 Prescription drugs

$396 (1415)

$1343 (2943)

$2313 (3064)

$3857 (6253)

$11,222 (10,156)

$22,664 (28,724)

 

Medicaid coverage days during 2 years prior to baseline

104 (107)

650 (101)

589 (144)

385 (114)

648 (100)

641 (102)

 
  1. aSum of specific Medicaid costs did not match up with total Medicaid costs because other Medicaid costs were not reported in this table
  2. Data sources: NYC Department of Homeless Services, NYC Department of Correction, NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, NYC Human Resources Administration’s Customized Assistance Services and HIV/AIDS Services Administration, and New York State Office of Mental Health
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