Before propensity score matching | After propensity score matching | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Placed | Unplaced | p-values | Placed | Unplaced | p-values | |
N | 2827 | 737 | 2090 | 737 | 2090 | ||
Column % | Column % | ||||||
Age at the first eligibility for the program | |||||||
18–34 years | 16 | 15 | 16 | 0.07 | 15 | 15 | 0.61 |
35–44 years | 26 | 27 | 26 | 27 | 27 | ||
45–54 years | 38 | 41 | 37 | 40 | 42 | ||
≥ 55 years | 20 | 17 | 21 | 18 | 16 | ||
Gender | |||||||
Female | 30 | 29 | 30 | 0.44 | 29 | 29 | 1.00 |
Male | 70 | 71 | 70 | 71 | 71 | ||
Race/ethnicity | |||||||
Non-Hispanic white | 15 | 14 | 16 | 0.09 | 15 | 14 | 0.22 |
Non-Hispanic black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 51 | 54 | ||
Hispanic | 28 | 31 | 27 | 31 | 28 | ||
Others | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | ||
Education | |||||||
Less than a high school diploma | 46 | 44 | 47 | 0.14 | 45 | 45 | 0.28 |
High school diploma or higher | 51 | 53 | 51 | 52 | 53 | ||
Other | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | ||
Current substance use pattern | |||||||
Never | 74 | 78 | 73 | 0.03 | 79 | 75 | 0.28 |
Less than weekly or once a week | 7 | 6 | 8 | 5 | 6 | ||
Several times per week | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 8 | ||
Daily | 6 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | ||
Unknown | 5 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 4 | ||
Currently participating in a substance use treatment course | 23 | 25 | 23 | 0.27 | 25 | 25 | 1.00 |
Currently receiving supplemental security income/disability | 41 | 39 | 41 | 0.34 | 41 | 42 | 0.64 |
Past psychiatric hospitalization | 31 | 27 | 32 | 0.01 | 28 | 29 | 0.61 |
Diagnoses with mental illness except for substance use disorders | 100 | 100 | 100 | NEa | 99 | 99 | 1.00 |
Diagnosed with substance use disorders | 52 | 54 | 51 | 0.16 | 52 | 53 | 0.64 |
Number activities of daily living for which require assistance | |||||||
0 | 74 | 79 | 71 | <0.01 | 77 | 79 | 0.36 |
1 | 15 | 13 | 16 | 14 | 12 | ||
2+ | 11 | 8 | 13 | 9 | 9 | ||
Mean (Standard deviation) | Mean (Standard deviation) | ||||||
Total Medicaid costs during 2 years prior to baseline | $47,284 (64714) | $41,779 (47718) | $49,226 (69632) | $42,225 (59689b) | $42,653 (59689b) |