| Utilization per Patient | % Change in Cost per Item | % Change in Total Cost per Patient | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Service Type | Pre-PNCC Mean/SD (N out of 58) | Post-PNCC Mean/SD (N out of 59) | p-value | % change from Pre-PNCC | p-value | % change from Pre-PNCC | p-value |
Admission CT‡ scans per patient | 0.95/0.22 (55) | 0.97/0.32 (55) | 0.727 | −41% | 0.001* | −40% | 0.001* |
Subsequent CT scans per patient | 2.62/2.43 (51) | 2.24/1.76 (48) | 0.331 | −36% | 0.001* | −46% | 0.018* |
End Tidal CO2 (days monitored) | 7.98/6.65 (52) | 11.37/7.82 (57) | 0.013* | −6% | 0.001* | +47.8% | 0.005* |
ICP Monitoring (days monitored) | 2.59/3.02 (35) | 4.44/5.49 (42) | 0.026* | −8% | 0.002* | +57.4% | 0.059 |
External Ventricular Drains (EVD) (ave.# procedures per patient) | 0.21/0.41 (12) | 0.05/0.22 (3) | 0.013* | (not available) | Â | (not available) | Â |
Hyperosmolar Therapy: 3% Hypertonic Saline or Mannitol (doses per patient) | 4.83/5.70 (42) | 8.46/8.26 (52) | 0.007* | +22% | 0.027* | +77.8% | 0.056 |
Pentobarbital (doses per patient) | 0.43/0.80 (17) | 1.66/3.24 (19) | 0.006* | +2325% | 0.001* | +13,638% | 0.005* |
Epinephrine (infusions per patient) | 0.09/0.28 (5) | 0.10/0.36 (5) | 0.796 | +30% | 0.430 | +155.9% | 0.291 |
Norepinephrine (infusions per patient) | (no utilization) | 0.53/1.44 (9) | n/a | (no pre-PNCC utilization) | n/a | (no pre-PNCC utilization) | n/a |
Dopamine (infusions per patient) | 1.48/3.09 (19) | 1.63/2.89 (23) | 0.795 | −14% | 0.567 | +18.8% | 0.810 |
Fentanyl (doses per patient) | 8.17/6.94 (56) | 8.86/5.31 (59) | 0.546 | +129% | 0.001* | +361.7% | <0.001* |
Midazolam (doses per patient) | 7.64/5.85 (57) | 9.95/6.07 (56) | 0.038* | −73% | 0.001* | −34.8% | 0.262 |
Morphine (doses per patient) | 2.55/2.99 (34) | 12.24/12.62 (49) | 0.001* | −28% | 0.129 | +363.5% | 0.020* |
Dexmedetomidine (infusions per patient) | (no utilization) | 2.14/3.46 (29) | n/a | (no pre-PNCC utilization) | n/a | (no pre-PNCC utilization) | n/a |
sTBI-care labs (lab tests per patient)†| 56.83/39.28 (58) | 69.88/42.37 (59) | 0.087 | −6% | 0.023* | +16.0% | 0.272 |
Sodium monitoring (ave.# tests per patient) | 0.45/0.50 (26) | 0.54/0.50 (32) | N/S | (not available) | Â | (not available) | Â |
Osmolality monitoring (ave.# tests per patient) | 0.72/0.45 (42) | 0.78/0.42 (46) | N/S | (not available) | Â | (not available) | Â |
EEG monitoring (ave.# tests per patient) | 0.22/0.42 (13) | 0.31/0.46 (18) | N/S | (not available) | Â | (not available) | Â |