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Table 3 Descriptive statistics of services provided before and after PNCP implementation status (N = 117)

From: The cost of a pediatric neurocritical care program for traumatic brain injury: a retrospective cohort study

 

Utilization per Patient

% Change in Cost per Item

% Change in Total Cost per Patient

Service Type

Pre-PNCC Mean/SD (N out of 58)

Post-PNCC Mean/SD (N out of 59)

p-value

% change from Pre-PNCC

p-value

% change from Pre-PNCC

p-value

Admission CT‡ scans per patient

0.95/0.22 (55)

0.97/0.32 (55)

0.727

−41%

0.001*

−40%

0.001*

Subsequent CT scans per patient

2.62/2.43 (51)

2.24/1.76 (48)

0.331

−36%

0.001*

−46%

0.018*

End Tidal CO2 (days monitored)

7.98/6.65 (52)

11.37/7.82 (57)

0.013*

−6%

0.001*

+47.8%

0.005*

ICP Monitoring (days monitored)

2.59/3.02 (35)

4.44/5.49 (42)

0.026*

−8%

0.002*

+57.4%

0.059

External Ventricular Drains (EVD) (ave.# procedures per patient)

0.21/0.41 (12)

0.05/0.22 (3)

0.013*

(not available)

 

(not available)

 

Hyperosmolar Therapy: 3% Hypertonic Saline or Mannitol (doses per patient)

4.83/5.70 (42)

8.46/8.26 (52)

0.007*

+22%

0.027*

+77.8%

0.056

Pentobarbital (doses per patient)

0.43/0.80 (17)

1.66/3.24 (19)

0.006*

+2325%

0.001*

+13,638%

0.005*

Epinephrine (infusions per patient)

0.09/0.28 (5)

0.10/0.36 (5)

0.796

+30%

0.430

+155.9%

0.291

Norepinephrine (infusions per patient)

(no utilization)

0.53/1.44 (9)

n/a

(no pre-PNCC utilization)

n/a

(no pre-PNCC utilization)

n/a

Dopamine (infusions per patient)

1.48/3.09 (19)

1.63/2.89 (23)

0.795

−14%

0.567

+18.8%

0.810

Fentanyl (doses per patient)

8.17/6.94 (56)

8.86/5.31 (59)

0.546

+129%

0.001*

+361.7%

<0.001*

Midazolam (doses per patient)

7.64/5.85 (57)

9.95/6.07 (56)

0.038*

−73%

0.001*

−34.8%

0.262

Morphine (doses per patient)

2.55/2.99 (34)

12.24/12.62 (49)

0.001*

−28%

0.129

+363.5%

0.020*

Dexmedetomidine (infusions per patient)

(no utilization)

2.14/3.46 (29)

n/a

(no pre-PNCC utilization)

n/a

(no pre-PNCC utilization)

n/a

sTBI-care labs (lab tests per patient)†

56.83/39.28 (58)

69.88/42.37 (59)

0.087

−6%

0.023*

+16.0%

0.272

Sodium monitoring (ave.# tests per patient)

0.45/0.50 (26)

0.54/0.50 (32)

N/S

(not available)

 

(not available)

 

Osmolality monitoring (ave.# tests per patient)

0.72/0.45 (42)

0.78/0.42 (46)

N/S

(not available)

 

(not available)

 

EEG monitoring (ave.# tests per patient)

0.22/0.42 (13)

0.31/0.46 (18)

N/S

(not available)

 

(not available)

 
  1. *p-values below 0.05 indicate service type encountering statistical significance
  2. †See Table 4 for details about sTBI-care labs
  3. ‡Admission CT per patient mean is <1.0 because some patients receive initial CT from referring hospitals
  4. PNCP Pediatric Neurocritical Care Program; CT computerized tomography; ICP intracranial pressure; sTBI severe traumatic brain injury