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Table 4 Estimated means of medical and administrative outcomes

From: Patient navigation to improve diabetes outpatient care at a safety-net hospital: a retrospective cohort study

Outcome

Intervention group (n = 196)

Reference group (n = 196)

Period

Mean

95% CI

Mean

95% CI

DDa

p-valueb

A1C (%)

 Pre-intervention

9.9

(9.7, 10.2)

9.4

(9.2, 9.7)

−1.1

<.001***

 Post-intervention

9.3

(9.1, 9.6)

9.9

(9.6, 10.2)

LDL cholesterol (mmol/l)

 Pre-intervention

101.9

(97.0, 106.8)

101.9

(96.7, 107.0)

−0.8

.81

 Post-intervention

102.3

(96.8, 107.8)

103

(97.8, 108.3)

Triglycerides (mg/dl)

 Pre-intervention

185.5

(161.1, 209.9)

178.1

(158.0, 198.2)

−14.8

.28

 Post-intervention

193.2

(171.9, 214.4)

200.5

(171.6, 229.4)

Urine microalbumin (mg)

 Pre-intervention

152.2

(94.0, 210.4)

169.9

(100.4, 239.5)

−5.5

.87

 Post-intervention

143.3

(81.7, 204.9)

166.6

(116.8, 216.3)

 

N

95% CI

N

95% CI

DDa

p-valueb

Appointments (per year)

 Pre-intervention

3.8

(3.4, 4.3)

3.7

(3.2, 4.4)

+5.3

<.001***

 Post-intervention

10.6

(9.7, 11.6)

5.2

(4.7, 5.8)

Clinic visits (per year)

 Pre-intervention

16.2

(14.6, 18.0)

15.8

(14.0, 17.9)

+6.4

<.001***

 Post-intervention

22.1

(20.0, 24.5)

15.3

(13.6, 17.2)

ED visits (per year)

 Pre-intervention

1.1

(0.9, 1.4)

1.0

(0.7, 1.2)

+0.3

.13

 Post-intervention

1.4

(1.1, 1.7)

0.9

(0.7, 1.1)

Inpatient stays (per year)

 Pre-intervention

0.5

(0.4, 0.6)

0.5

(0.4, 0.6)

+0.1

.49

 Post-intervention

0.5

(0.4, 0.6)

0.4

(0.3, 0.6)

 

%

95% CI

%

95% CI

DDa

p-valueb

Arrival (%)

 Pre-intervention

53.2

(49.4, 56.9)

55.6

(51.6, 59.4)

+7.4

.009**

 Post-intervention

53.2

(49.7, 56.7)

48.2

(44.7, 51.8)

Cancellation (%)

 Pre-intervention

22.2

(19.6, 25.0)

21.5

(18.2, 25.2)

+2.2

.39

 Post-intervention

26.6

(23.9, 29.4)

23.7

(20.5, 27.2)

No-show (%)

 Pre-intervention

24.6

(21.6, 28.0)

22.8

(19.8, 26.0)

−9.8

<.001***

 Post-intervention

20.2

(17.6, 23.0)

28.2

(25.0, 31.7)

  1. *Significant at p ≤ .05; **significant at p ≤ .01; *** significant at p ≤ .001
  2. aDD = Difference-in-differences
  3. bEach p-value corresponds to the interaction term of the estimated auto-regressive model for the particular outcome