Total Sample Characteristics | Tobacco Users | Non-Tobacco Users | |
---|---|---|---|
Mean or Percentage | Mean or Percentage | Mean or Percentage | |
(SD) | (SD) | (SD) | |
Health insurance literacy (range 0–4)*** | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.8 |
(1.1) | (1.1) | (1.1) | |
Lowest Deductible (correct answer)* | 63.6% | 58.8% | 65.7% |
Highest OOPa (correct answer)* | 63.9% | 59.3% | 66.0% |
Lowest Cost Choice if Health Services Not Needed (correct answer) | 46.0% | 44.2% | 46.8% |
Lowest Cost Choice if Hospitalized (correct answer)*** | 22.2% | 15.1% | 25.5% |
Insurance Marketplace*** | 18.4% | 12.6% | 21.1% |
Current Tobacco Use | 31.5% | – | – |
Risk Taking (range 1–7)*** | 1.9 | 2.1 | 1.7 |
(1.2) | (1.2) | (1.2) | |
Discount Rate (range 0–4) | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.1 |
(1.4) | (1.4) | (1.4) | |
Cognitive Function (range 0–1) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
(0.3) | (0.3) | (0.2) | |
Numeracy (range 0–4) | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
(0.8) | (0.8) | (0.8) | |
Demographics | |||
Age*** | 40.2 | 36.8 | 42.5 |
(14.0) | (12.3) | (14.4) | |
Race/Ethnicity | |||
African American | 80.0% | 80.9% | 79.6% |
White Non-Hispanic | 17.3% | 16.6% | 17.6% |
Other | 2.7% | 2.5% | 2.8% |
Female | 68.6% | 55.3% | 74.8% |
Marital Status** | |||
Never Married | 49.0% | 55.8% | 45.8% |
Widowed/Divorced/Separated | 26.0% | 24.6% | 26.6% |
Married | 25.0% | 19.6% | 27.6% |
Education*** | |||
Less than High School | 7.5% | 11.8% | 36.6% |
High School | 40.5% | 49.0% | 5.5% |
Some College | 37.2% | 30.7% | 40.2% |
Bachelor’s/Graduate | 14.8% | 8.4% | 17.7% |
Type of Health Insurance*** | |||
Employer-Sponsored | 30.1% | 18.6% | 35.4% |
Individual | 10.9% | 4.5% | 13.9% |
Medicare | 10.8% | 10.1% | 11.1% |
Medicaid | 21.4% | 24.12% | 20.4% |
Uninsured | 26.8% | 42.7% | 19.4% |
High Utilizers (> 1 ED visit or >0 inpatient admissions in the past year)*** | 35.4% | 47.2% | 30.8% |
Monthly Income*** | |||
$0–$720 | 26.3% | 36.7% | 21.5% |
$721–$1200 | 26.0% | 26.1% | 25.9% |
$1201–$2400 | 21.7% | 23.1% | 21.1% |
$2401 | 26.0% | 14.1% | 31.5% |
Heath Status | |||
Excellent | 16.0% | 12.6% | 17.6% |
Very Good | 28.4% | 27.6% | 28.7% |
Good | 33.1% | 33.2% | 33.1% |
Fair | 19.5% | 22.6% | 18.1% |
Poor | 3.0% | 4.0% | 2.6% |