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Table 9 Annual costs in Swedish krona (Sweden)

From: Real-world costs of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in the Nordics

Costs in SEK, mean (95% CI)

CKD 1–3 (n = 64)

CKD 4–5 (n = 55)

Dialysis (n = 61)

Transplant (n = 63)

P value

Direct costs

28,820 (16,123–50,689)

48,624 (36,718–65,151)

712,482 (668,060–766,530)

173,199 (135,833–218,165)

<0.0001

Hospitalisations

3812 (1297–8456)

9840 (3871–19,716)

41,015 (27,561–57,668)

19,223 (9717–32,319)

<0.0001

Outpatient care visits

5878 (4291–7943)

10,457 (8193–14,512)

16,221 (11871–21,402)

16,288 (12,728–21,120)

<0.0001

Primary care visits

1178 (589–2088)

2056 (539–5484)

865 (124–2225)

598 (120–1077)

.5094

Surgical procedures

3349 (187–10,713)

7135 (1620–15,769)

31,431 (16,065–51,975)

8131 (3603–14,557)

<0.0001

Diagnostic tests

2847 (2244–3509)

5810 (4535–7332)

25,140 (21,308–29,294)

10,987 (8119–14,700)

<0.0001

Home care/medical assistance

9442 (37–27,461)

675 (47–1850)

10,525 (3734–20,134)

2359 (263–7537)

.0002

Routine dialysis care

488,009 (461940–511,484)

15,901 (4185–32,472)

<0.0001

Haemodialysis transportation

37,145 (30,444–43,657)

269 (0–1344)

<0.0001

Drug use

2313 (1333–3490)

12,651 (9110–16,825)

62,131 (54,647–71,169)

99,443 (80,719–125,735)

<0.0001

 Antihypertensives

419 (341–513)

666 (556–784)

503 (415–603)

583 (451–756)

.0282

 Phosphate binders

1244 (598–1996)

9788 (7577–12,262)

472 (108–1151)

<0.0001

 ESAs

63 (0–257)

3535 (1350–6252)

24,450 (20,476–27,892)

3622 (1533–6409)

<0.0001

 Analgesics for kidney pain

14 (5–26)

102 (28–255)

78 (21–193)

15 (2–37)

.1032

 Vitamin D analogues

1776 (824–2952)

6162 (4613–7852)

11,792 (10,796–12,592)

4069 (2756–5544)

<0.0001

 Immunosupressants

3579 (291–8847)

90,205 (72,049–117,127)

<0.0001

Other drugs

41 (10–95)

942 (135–2184)

11,941 (9447–14,436)

477 (202–909)

<0.0001

Indirect costs

64,259 (39,484–92,072)

128,541 (90,007–169,626)

124,957 (85,289–162,184)

112,688 (77,160–150,663)

.0438

Productivity loss

63,963 (39,446–91,997)

126,019 (88,140–165,959)

115,458 (77,012–150,462)

111,658 (75,795–149,420)

.1842

Informal care

296 (0–887)

2522 (864–5088)

9499 (3762–19,266)

1031 (410–1871)

<0.0001

Total costs

93,079 (64,756–125,857)

177,165 (131,147–227,131)

837,438 (771,457–903,231)

285,887 (228,017–352,229)

<0.0001

  1. P values calculated with Kruskal–Wallis test
  2. SEK Swedish krona, ESA erythropoiesis-stimulating agent, CI confidence interval (bias corrected)