From: Real-world costs of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in the Nordics
Costs in DKK, mean (95% CI) | CKD 1–3 (n = 64) | CKD 4–5 (n = 55) | Dialysis (n = 61) | Transplant (n = 63) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Direct costs | 28,022 (14,728–50,835) | 47,203 (35,863–63,990) | 667,362 (623,398–720,640) | 196,114 (159,055–237,980) | <0.0001 |
Hospitalisations | 4736 (1611–10,505) | 12,224 (4810–24,391) | 50,954 (34,240–71,642) | 23,881 (12,072–40,151) | <0.0001 |
Outpatient care visits | 5596 (3810–7867) | 9483 (6889–14,515) | 15,802 (11,175–21,341) | 14,219 (10,992–18,453) | <0.0001 |
Primary care visits | 1558 (779–2761) | 2719 (712–7252) | 1144 (163–2942) | 791 (317–1741) | .5094 |
Surgical procedures | 2183 (125–7519) | 6938 (2660–13,242) | 31,596 (18,141–50,394) | 4228 (1812–7559) | <0.0001 |
Diagnostic tests | 1591 (1055–2225) | 1803 (1239–2542) | 6081 (4851–7544) | 3464 (2374–5095) | <0.0001 |
Home care/medical assistance | 9838 (38–28,949) | 717 (62–1940) | 12,399 (4417–23,648) | 2503 (313–7919) | .0001 |
Routine dialysis care | – | – | 441,221 (417,652–462,446) | 14,377 (3783–28,905) | <0.0001 |
Haemodialysis transportation | – | – | 41,146 (33,117–49,306) | 214 (0–1068) | <0.0001 |
Drug use | 2520 (1404–3856) | 13,318 (9605–17,716) | 67,020 (57,869–79,028) | 132,438 (110,082–158,657) | <0.0001 |
Antihypertensives | 391 (295–507) | 476 (394–559) | 343 (272–420) | 401 (303–534) | .0560 |
Phosphate binders | – | 1351 (656–2160) | 10,551 (8212–13,158) | 521 (123–1242) | <0.0001 |
ESAs | 60 (0–245) | 3366 (1286–5953) | 23,281 (19,497–26,558) | 3449 (1459–6102) | <0.0001 |
Analgesics for kidney pain | 17 (5–39) | 90 (21–253) | 182 (26–534) | 13 (2–37) | .1069 |
Vitamin D analogues | 2004 (937–3379) | 6955 (5201–8861) | 13,309 (12,162–14,207) | 4593 (3129–6257) | <0.0001 |
Immunosupressants | – | – | 5699 (312–14,111) | 122,984 (100,943–149,412) | <0.0001 |
Other drugs | 48 (11–110) | 1081 (157–2500) | 13,655 (10,825–16,513) | 477 (194–932) | <0.0001 |
Indirect costs | 51,523 (32,278–75,631) | 94,631 (65,117–126,721) | 100,970 (67,789–132,323) | 81,688 (55,334–110,676) | .0726 |
Productivity loss | 51,224 (31,835–75,332) | 92,083 (63,079–123,547) | 91,373 (59,420–122,164) | 80,647 (54,460–109,503) | .3032 |
Informal care | 299 (0–896) | 2548 (873–5141) | 9597 (3801–19,465) | 1041 (415–1891) | <0.0001 |
Total costs | 79,544 (54,826–109,204) | 141,834 (105,601–181,449) | 768,332 (707,301–830,831) | 277,802 (227,251–333,023) | <0.0001 |