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Table 3 Differences between restricted and non-restricted cohorts in the identified studies

From: A systematic review of the effectiveness of policies restricting access to pregabalin

 

Margolis et al., 2009 [27

Margolis, et al., 2010 [28]

Bazalo et al., 2010 [26]

Udall et al., 2014 [30]

Suehs et al., 2014 [31]

Placzek et al., 2014 [29]

Null et al., 2016 [32]

Martin et al., 2016 [33]

Pregabalin utilization

Significantly lower utilization in restricted cohort (P < 0.01)

Significantly lower utilization in restricted cohort (P < 0.001)

Not applicable (modeling)

Significantly lower utilization in restricted cohort (P = 0.008)

Significantly lower utilization in restricted cohort (P < 0.001)

No significant difference in utilization in either pDPN (P = 0.731) or FM (P = 0.192)

Significant increase in commercial plans before (P < 0.001), but decrease after (P < 0.001) ST started. Small numeric decrease after ST lifted (P = 0.568)

Significant decrease with mail order, and increase without (P < 0.001)

All-cause pharmacy costs

Not evaluated

Not evaluated

Not evaluated

No significant differences in costs (P = 0.197)

No significant differences in costs (P = 0.14)

No significant differences in cost for either FM (P = 0.835) or pDPN (P = 0.846)

Not evaluated

No significant differences in costs (P = 0.888)

All-cause healthcare costs

Not evaluated

Not evaluated

Not evaluated

Significantly higher ($1222) in restricted cohort (P = 0.016)

No significant difference in costs (P = 0.35)

No significant differences in costs for either FM (P = 0.667) or pDPN (P = 0.625)

Not evaluated

No significant difference (P = 0.474)

Disease-related pharmacy costs

Significantly higher ($274) in restricted cohort (P < 0.001)

No significant differences in costs (P = 0.25)

Potential savings in the restricted plan were < 2%

No significant differences in costs (P = 0.120)

Significantly higher ($12) in restricted cohort (P < 0.001)

No significant differences in costs for either FM (P = 0.948) or pDPN (P = 0.946)

Not evaluated

Not evaluated

Disease-related total healthcare costs

Significantly higher ($418) in restricted cohort (P < 0.01)

No significant differences in costs (P = 0.41)

Not evaluated

Significantly higher ($859) in restricted cohort (P = 0.002)

No significant differences in cost (P = 0.23)

No significant differences in cost for either FM (P = 0.419) or pDPN (P = 0.431)

Significantly lower (Medicare, P < 0.001) after ST start, but with a rising trend over the analysis period

Not evaluated

  1. Abbreviations: FM fibromyalgia, PA prior authorization, pDPN painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy, PHN postherpetic neuralgia, ST step therapy