Abad-Corpa et al. (2013) [18] | Akosah et al. (2002) [34] | Atienza et al. (2004) [35] | Blue et al. (2001) [30] | Brand et al. (2004) [32] | de la Porte et al. (2007) [36] | Chiu, Shyu & Liu (2001) [38] | Cline et al. (1998) [31] | Coleman et al. (2004) [28] | Coleman et al. (2006) [29] | Farrero et al. (2001) [24] | Grunfeld et al. (1999) [43] | Hanumanthu et al. (1997) [37] | Harrison et al. (2002) [23] | Jeansawang et al. (2012) [27] | Ledwige et al. (2005) [22] | Linden & Butterworth (2014) [20] | Luttik et al. (2014) [41] | Moalosi et al. (2003) [39] | Naylor et al. (2004) [26] | Rauh et al. (1999) [21] | Ricauda et al. (2008) [40] | Sadatsafavi et al. (2013) [42] | Shi et al. (2015) [33] | Vliet Vlietland, Breedveld & Hzaes (1997) [44] | Williams, Akroyd and Burke (2010) [25] | |
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Risk of bias criteria | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Was the allocation sequence adequately generated? | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk |
Was the allocation adequately concealed? | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | High risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk |
Were baseline outcome measures similar? | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Were baseline characteristics similar? | Unclear risk | High risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Were incomplete outcome data adequately addressed? | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Was knowledge of the allocated interventions adequately prevented during the study? | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Was the study adequately protected against contamination? | Unclear risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Was the study free from selective outcome reporting? | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear risk |
Was the study free from other risk of bias? | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |