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Table 1 Examples of coding processes

From: Barriers to utilization of postnatal care at village level in Klaten district, central Java Province, Indonesia

Meaning Unit

Code

Sub-category

Category

I visited the midwife’s clinic only after I got infection, not before that (Mother 8).

Knowledge on danger signs

Knowledge

Mother and family members’ health literacy

Many mothers believe in food taboo...They are also afraid to do self-wound care...(Midwife 1).

Attitude to food taboo

Lacking confidence to do self-wound care

Awareness and confidence

The midwife gave the advice to visit the village health clinic before 7 days, but I did it after 10 days (Mother 6).

Delay to conduct postnatal care visit

Practice

I informed my daughters about the traditional rules. She is submissive to my suggestions. She should not eat peanuts and fish if her wound has not dry enough unless she will get an infection. When I delivered my daughter a long time ago, I eat fish and then my daughter’s cord got infection (Family 1).

Feeling afraid to against parents/grandmothers’ advice

Social power

Social power, cultural belief and practices

Food taboo

Cultural belief and practice

I am aware that it should be home visit but in case that I felt that the patients visited me at the clinic, I perceived that that was a home visit (Midwife 3).

Inconsistent home visit

Provider work load and capacity

Health service responses

I received only wound care...Maybe because my condition was good. My blood pressure was high only when I delivered the baby, after that my blood pressure was normal (Mother 7).

Selective care

Perceived low quality of postnatal care

I did not understand what the the widwife said. She said some sentences in the Javanese language, the high-level Javanese level that I did not really understand (Mother 1).

Language barrier

Suboptimal patient-centered care