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Table 4 Recommendations to improve private practitioner participation in disease surveillance

From: From habits of attrition to modes of inclusion: enhancing the role of private practitioners in routine disease surveillance

 

National government level

No of Studies (%)

1

Registration and regulation of the private sector [11, 22, 28, 31, 45, 52]

Involvement of wide range of healthcare providers [11, 22, 27]

9 (22.5%)

2

Standardized reporting procedures with roles and responsibilities clearly stated [11, 22, 31, 33, 46, 51, 57]

Unified recording and reporting system [48]

8 (20%)

3

Financial (earmarked funds for private sector) and human resource assistance from public sector [17, 31, 52, 55] and funds for training [14, 21, 23, 40]

8 (20%)

4

Establish surveillance legislation/legal frameworks [17, 33, 34]

Stakeholder consultation in policy making [34, 42, 46]

6 (15%)

5

Credit point system for participation [33, 36, 49]

Comparable measurable performance indicators and audits [30, 32, 51]

6 (15%)

6

UG and PG medical curricula [15, 28, 29, 51, 57]

5 (12.5%)

7

Mandatory notification [14, 26, 30]

3 (7.5%)

 

District and local administrative level

 

1

Staff and practitioner training [14, 15, 21, 25, 28,29,30,31, 33, 34, 36, 46, 48,49,50,51,52, 55, 57, 60]

CME [14, 29, 30, 36, 37]

25 (62.5%)

2

Dissemination of information, IEC materials, mass communication campaigns [16, 29, 31, 34, 36, 37, 40, 50, 52, 57, 60]

11 (27.5%)

3

Establish and strengthen formal collaborations [27, 45]

Communication with practitioners [30, 32, 33, 43]

Leadership [59]

Strong and proactive administration [28, 48]

9 (22.5%)

4

Simplified reporting procedure [14, 32, 33, 37, 51, 53, 55]

7 (17.5%)

5

IMA (interface organizations assistance) [25, 29, 31, 48, 55]

5 (12.5%)

6

Provide reporting forms/appropriate softwares [33, 45, 49] [26]

4 (10%)

 

Surveillance program level

 

1

Feedback (summary bulletins, review meetings etc.) [11, 16, 17, 26, 27, 31, 45, 46, 52]

Acknowledgement of efforts [14]

10 (25%)

2

Supportive supervision and visits onsite [25, 27, 33, 45, 46, 48, 49, 51, 52]

9 (22.5%)

3

Financial incentives [16, 17, 27, 29, 40, 51]

Reward and penalty system [53]

Non cash incentives [14]

8 (20%)

4

Allow diverse reporting mechanisms to overcome perceived barriers [11, 30, 33, 37, 53, 58]

6 (15%)

5

Technical assistance [31, 45]

Laboratory services [24, 45, 49]

5 (12.5%)

6

Personal contact/ relationship and trust building [27, 33, 34, 37, 46]

5 (12.5%)