Table 1 Summary table of study characteristics

Salpeter et al. 2009 [41]

USA

Societal

lifetime

15 years

E + P&E (pooled data)

3

2006

Age 50: $2,438;

Yes

Yes

Age 65: $27,953

No

Yes

Lekander et al. 2009 [42]

UK

Health care

50 years

5 years

E + P(+U)

E(-U)

3

2006

Age 50:

Yes

£580(+U)^a

Yes

£205(-U)^a

Yes

Lekander et al. 2009 [43]

USA

Societal

50 years

5 years

E + P(+U)

E(-U)

3

2006

Age 50:

Yes

$2,803(+U)

Yes

$295(- U)

Yes

Ylikangas et al. 2007 [44]

Finland

Health care

9 years

9 years

E + P(+U)

3

2003/2004

Age 50–70:

Yes

€2,996(+U)

Yes

(≤5 y MHT);

€4613(+U)

Yes

(≤9 y MHT);

Zethraeus et a.l 2005 [45]

Sweden

Societal

50 years

5 years

E + P(+)

E(-U)

3

2003

Age 50:

Yes

SEK 12,807 (+U)

Yes

SEK 8,266(- U);

Yes

Age 55:

Yes

SEK 10,844 (+U)

Yes

SEK 7,960(- U);

Yes

Age 60:

Yes

SEK 9,159(+U)

Yes

SEK 11,043(-U);

Yes