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Table 3 Baseline interview

From: Three approaches to glucose monitoring in non-insulin treated diabetes: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial protocol

 

Mean (sd)

Min

Max

N (%)

# Missing

Demographics

Age (years)

60.5 (11.5)

30.8

91.8

  

Male

   

207 (46.0)

 

Race

 American Indian or Alaskan Native

   

3 (0.7)

 

 Asian

   

9 (2.0)

 

 Black or African-American

   

148 (33.0)

 

 Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander

   

1 (0.2)

 

 White

   

279 (62.3)

 

 Other (African, Filipino, Hispanic)

   

3 (0.7)

 

 Multiracial (1 = white + other, Indian)

   

5 (1.1)

 

 Refused (e.g., human race)

    

2

Ethnicity

 Latino/Hispanic

   

8 (1.8)

1

Education

 Less than high school graduate

   

25 (5.6)

 

 High school graduate or GED

   

107 (23.8)

 

 Some college or associate’s degree

   

164 (36.5)

 

 4-year college degree

   

92 (20.5)

 

 Graduate degree

   

61 (13.6)

 

 Refused

    

1

Marital status

 Married

   

292 (64.9)

 

 Widowed

   

37 (8.2)

 

 Living together

   

4 (0.9)

 

 Single

   

64 (14.2)

 

 Separated

   

7 (1.6)

 

 Divorced

   

46 (10.2)

 

Comorbidities

 # comorbidities

3.4 (1.8)

0

10

  

 Heart disease

   

86 (19.2)

1

 High blood pressure

   

340 (75.6)

 

 Lung disease

   

30 (6.7)

 

 Stroke

   

29 (6.4)

 

 High Cholesterol

   

299 (67.0)

4

 Kidney disease

   

32 (7.1)

 

 Liver disease

   

18 (4.0)

 

 Anemia or other blood disease

   

61 (13.6)

 

 Cancer

   

76 (16.9)

 

 Depression/anxiety

   

139 (30.9)

 

 Arthritis

   

210 (46.8)

1

 Chronic back pain

   

112 (24.9)

 

 Autoimmune disease

   

14 (3.1)

 

 Stomach or bowel disease

   

83 (18.4)

 

Healthcare utilization

 Have you seen your primary care provider?

3.7 (2.4)

1

30

  

 Have you gone to an urgent care clinic?

0.5 (1.1)

0

12

  

 Have you been seen in the Emergency Room

0.4 (1.1)

0

12

  

 Have you been hospitalized overnight?

0.2 (0.5)

0

6

  

 Have you had someone call EMS for you?

0.1 (0.4)

0

5

  

DM-related

 Nephropathy or other diabetes-related kidney disease

   

11 (2.4)

 

 Diabetic retinopathy or other diabetes-related eye disease

   

20 (4.4)

 

 Neuropathy or other diabetes-related nerve damage

   

65 (14.4)

 

 Years with T2DM diagnosis

8.2 (7.6)

0.1

50.0

  

 # Testing = Yes

   

338 (75.1)

 

  If yes, how often: at least daily

   

129 (38.2)

 

  If yes, how often: not daily, but > 1X/week

   

117 (34.6)

 

 If yes, how often: a few times a month

   

50 (14.8)

 

  If yes, how often: once a month

   

21 (6.2)

 

  If yes, how often: less than once a month

   

21 (6.2)

 

  If yes, how often told: at least daily

   

187 (55.5)

 

  If yes, how often told: not daily, but > 1X/week

   

53 (15.7)

 

  If yes, how often told: a few times a month

   

14 (4.2)

 

  If yes, how often told: once a month

   

2 (0.6)

 

  If yes, how often told: < once a month

   

1 (1.2)

 

  If yes, how often didn’t know

   

77 (22.9)

 

 If Testing = No, ever tested?

   

78 (69.6)

 

  If yes, at least daily

   

55 (70.5)

 

  If yes, not daily, but > 1X/week

   

10 (12.8)

 

  If yes, a few times a month

   

3 (3.9)

 

  If yes, once a month

   

1 (1.3)

 

  If yes, less than once a month

   

9 (11.5)

 

  If yes, how long did you test: <= 1 month

   

8 (10.3)

 

  If yes, how long did you test: <1 year >1X/month

   

35 (44.9)

 

  If yes, how long did you test: 1 year

   

12 (15.4)

 

  If yes, how long did you test: > 1 year < 5 years

   

17 (21.8)

 

  If yes, how long did you test: > = 5 years

   

6 (7.7)

 

 # Testing = No, why not?

   

112 (24.9)

 

  Not told to test

   

50 (44.6)

 

  Costs

   

18 (16.1)

 

  Pain

   

8 (7.1)

 

  Disruptive

   

4 (3.6)

 

  Does not understand why should test

   

7 (6.25)

 

  Constant reminder of DM

   

10 (8.9)

 

  Other reason

   

30 (26.8)

 

Medications and BMI

 # of prescription medications

6.2 (3.4)

0

17

  

 # of DM medications

1.4 (0.9)

0

5

  

 BMI (max weighs 523 lb)

34.3 (7.7)

20.8

75.0

  

Primary Endpoints

 Hemoglobin A1c (%)

7.6 (1.1)

5.7

13.1

  

 SF36—Physical Health

47.4 (8.9)

10.4

63.0

  

 SF36—Mental Health

53.3 (9.2)

9.5

68.0

  

Secondary Endpointsa

 Diabetes Empowerment Scale—Short Form

4.3 (0.5)

1.1

5

 

1

 Diabetes Symptom Checklist—Revised

20.4 (21.4)

0

107.2

  

 Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction—satisfaction

31.8 (5.1)

6

36

 

6

 Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction—perceived control

2.7 (2.6)

6

12

 

23

 Problem Areas in Diabetes

13.1 (16.2)

0

82.5

  

 Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) (# of days in last 7)

  General Diet

4.3 (2.2)

0

7

 

1

  Special Diet

4.1 (1.8)

0

7

  

  Carb spacing

4.1 (2.4)

0

7

  

  Exercise

2.9 (2.2)

0

7

  

  Blood glucose testing (only # times tested)

2.6 (2.8)

0

7

 

1

  Foot care

3.2 (2.5)

0

7

  

 Communication Assessment Tool—MD items

4.5 (0.7)

1.5

5

 

1

 Communication Assessment Tool—staff item

4.6 (0.7)

1

5

  

Health Literacy

 Newest Vital Sign

3.8 (2.0)

0

6

 

2

 Newest Vital Sign (% >4 = literate) (median = 4)

   

235 (61.8)

2

  1. aMin/max may contain a decimal if missing data within the allowable limit were present