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Table 2 The Association Between Individual Lifestyle and Healthcare Utilization

From: Do healthier lifestyles lead to less utilization of healthcare resources?

Variable

Number of outpatient visits

Number of health exams

Seen by the same physicians

Yes

No

 

Mean (SD)

p

Mean (SD)

p

N (%)

N (%)

p

Exercise Habits

       

 Yes

1.12 (1.01)

<0.001

1.14 (1.36)

<0.001

843 (41.7)

281 (31.6)

<0.001

 No

0.91 (0.92)

 

0.70 (1.15)

 

1179 (58.3)

608 (68.4)

 

Breakfast

       

 Yes

0.99 (0.97)

0.984

0.87 (1.25)

0.185

1966 (97.2)

862 (97.0)

0.781

 No

0.99 (0.85)

 

0.69 (1.21)

 

56 (2.8)

27 (3.0)

 

Regular meals

       

 Yes

0.99 (0.96)

0.905

0.88 (1.26)

0.001

1944 (96.1)

839 (94.4)

0.041

 No

1.00 (1.04)

 

0.57 (1.03)

 

78 (3.9)

50 (5.6)

 

5 servings of fruits& vegetables

       

 Yes

0.98 (0.95)

0.036

0.66 (1.13)

0.001

1807 (89.4)

782 (88.0)

0.295

 No

1.10 (1.04)

 

0.89 (1.26)

 

215 (10.6)

107 (12.0)

 

Dieting Habits

       

 Yes

0.98 (0.96)

0.098

0.89 (1.26)

<0.001

1829 (90.5)

787 (88.5)

0.128

 No

1.08 (1.03)

 

0.62 (1.11)

 

193 (9.5)

102 (11.5)

 

Aware of food packaging labels

       

 Yes

0.98 (0.95)

0.015

0.87 (1.25)

0.686

1860 (92.0)

815 (91.7)

0.833

 No

1.16 (1.11)

 

0.83 (1.30)

 

162 (8.0)

74 (8.3)

 

Aware of self-health

       

 Yes

1.00 (0.96)

0.091

0.88 (1.26)

<0.001

1953 (96.6)

858 (96.5)

1.000

 No

0.83 (0.95)

 

0.45 (1.00)

 

69 (3.4)

31 (3.5)

 

Regular BP

       

 Yes

1.12 (1.01)

<0.001

1.08 (1.35)

<0.001

1337 (66.1)

520 (58.5)

<0.001

 No

0.76 (0.83)

 

0.49 (0.94)

 

685 (33.9)

369 (41.5)

 

Smoking

       

 Yes

0.97 (0.99)

0.496

0.88 (1.33)

0.780

552 (27.3)

262 (29.5)

0.247

 No

1.00 (0.95)

 

0.86 (1.22)

 

1470 (72.7)

627 (70.5)

 

Drinking

       

 Yes

0.95 (0.94)

0.088

0.92 (1.25)

0.068

726 (35.9)

381 (42.9)

<0.001

 No

1.01 (0.97)

 

0.83 (1.25)

 

1296 (64.1)

508 (57.1)

 

Betel-Nut chewing

       

 Yes

0.91 (0.90)

0.098

0.80 (1.31)

0.320

235 (11.6)

105 (11.8)

0.933

 No

1.00 (0.97)

 

0.87 (1.25)

 

1787 (88.4)

784 (88.2)