From: A structural model of treatment program and individual counselor leadership in innovation transfer
 | N | Mean (SD) |
---|---|---|
Transformational Leadership (Edwards, Knight, Broome, & Flynn, 2010) | 297 | 37.9 (7.4) |
 Encourages Innovation (4 items; α = .87): | 297 | 39.1 (7.7) |
  o Program director positively acknowleges creative solutions to problems. |  |  |
  o Program director encourages ideas other than own. | ||
 Inspirational Motivation (6 items; α = .91): | 297 | 38.7 (7.4) |
  o Program director displays enthusiasm about pursuing program goals. |  |  |
  o Program director expresses confidence in staff members’ collective ability to reach program goals. | ||
 Develops Others (4 items; α = .88): | 297 | 36.5 (8.6) |
  o Program director offers individual learning opportunities to staff members for professional growth. |  |  |
  o Program director takes into account individual abilities when teaching staff members. | ||
 Task Delegation (9 items; α = .94): | 297 | 37.4 (7.8) |
  o Program director follows delegation of a task with support and encouragement. |  |  |
  o Program director allocates adequate resources to see tasks are completed. | ||
Organizational Climate (Lehman, Greener, & Simpson, 2002) | 297 | 33.6 (5.5) |
 Clarity of Mission (5 items; α = .73): | 297 | 35.0 (6.5) |
  o Duties clearly related to the goals of this program. |  |  |
  o This program operates with clear goals and objectives. | ||
 Staff Cohesiveness (6 items; α = .88): | 297 | 36.2 (8.2) |
  o Staff here all get along very well. |  |  |
  o Staff here are always quick to help one another when needed. | ||
 Staff Autonomy (5 items; α = .56): | 297 | 35.2 (5.1) |
  o Management here fully trusts your professional judgment. |  |  |
  o Counselors here are given broad authority in treating their own clients. | ||
 Communication (5 items; α = .81): | 297 | 33.5 (7.3) |
  o Program staff are always kept well informed. |  |  |
  o Formal and informal communication channels here work very well. | ||
 Stress (4 items; α = .81): | 297 | 32.6 (8.4) |
  o You are under too many pressures to do your job effectively. |  |  |
  o The heavy workload here reduces program effectiveness. | ||
 Openness to Change (5 items; α = .72): | 297 | 34.3 (6.2) |
  o It is easy to change procedures here to meet new conditions. |  |  |
  o You are encouraged here to try new and different techniques. | ||
Staff Attributes (Lehman, Greener, & Simpson, 2002) | Â | Â |
 Efficacy (5 items; α = .68): | 297 | 40.8 (4.9) |
  o You have skills needed to conduct effective group counseling. |  |  |
  o You are effective and confident in doing your job. | ||
Influence (6 items; α = .80): |  |  |
 Willingness and ability of a counselor to influence co-workers | 297 | 37.5 (6.9) |
  o Staff generally regard you as a valuable source of information. |  |  |
  o You are viewed as a leader by other staff here. | ||
Adaptability (4 items; α = .65): |  |  |
 Staff ability to adapt to a changing environment | 297 | 40.2 (5.2) |
  o Learning and using new procedures are easy for you. |  |  |
  o You are able to adapt quickly when you have to shift focus. | ||
Counseling Innovation Interest (CII; 9 items; α = .85): | 297 | 3.51 (.65) |
 • You read about new techniques and treatment information each month. |  |  |
 • You regularly read professional journal articles or books on drug abuse treatment. | ||
 • You do a good job of regularly updating and improving your skills. | ||
 • When you attend workshops, how often do you try out the new interventions or techniques learned? | ||
 • In recent years, how often have you adopted (for regular use) new counseling interventions? | ||
 • You like to use new types of therapy/interventions to help your clients. | ||
 • You are willing to try new types of therapy/interventions even if you have to follow a treatment manual. | ||
 • You would try a new therapy/intervention even if it were very different from what you are used to doing. | ||
 • You are willing to use new and different types of therapy/interventions developed by researchers. |