Model | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Random effects | |||||
 Hospital variance | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.09 |
  ICC | 0.0205 | 0.0212 | 0.0172 | 0.0125 | 0.0074 |
  P-value | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.17 | 0.24 | 0.34 |
  MOR | 1.43 | 1.44 | 1.41 | 1.37 | 1.32 |
  PCV (%) |  | −1.82 | 9.95 | 14.94 | 22.9 |
Fixed effects | Odds ratios | ||||
Sociodemographic | |||||
 Age (years, at index admission) | |||||
  45– < 75 |  | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
  75– < 85 |  | 1.10 (0.93,1.31) | 1.10 (0.93,1.31) | 1.06 (0.89,1.27) | 1.06 (0.89,1.27) |
   ≥ 85 |  | 1.01 (0.84,1.21) | 0.99 (0.82,1.19) | 0.92 (0.75,1.13) | 0.92 (0.75,1.13) |
 Sex | |||||
  Male |  | 1.19 (1.04,1.37) | 1.23 (1.07,1.43) | 1.17 (1.00,1.37) | 1.18 (1.00,1.37) |
  Female |  | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Marital status | |||||
  Married |  |  | 0.90 (0.77,1.04) | 0.90 (0.78,1.05) | 0.91 (0.78,1.05) |
  Not married |  |  | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Region of residence | |||||
  Major cities |  |  | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
  Regional |  |  | 1.01 (0.86,1.19) | 1.03 (0.87,1.22) | 1.03 (0.87,1.22) |
  Remote |  |  | 1.08 (0.90,1.31) | 1.13 (0.93,1.36) | 1.04 (0.83,1.29) |
 Education | |||||
  No school certificate |  |  | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
  School/trade/certificate/diploma |  |  | 1.11 (0.94,1.32) | 1.13 (0.95,1.35) | 1.14 (0.96,1.36) |
  Tertiary degree |  |  | 0.89 (0.67,1.17) | 0.89 (0.67,1.18) | 0.91 (0.69,1.21) |
 Private health insurance | |||||
  Yes |  |  | 0.89 (0.77,1.03) | 0.92 (0.80,1.07) | 0.97 (0.83,1.14) |
  No |  |  | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Baseline health (self-reported) | |||||
 Duke Social Support Index |  |  |  | 0.95 (0.91,0.99) | 0.95 (0.91,0.99) |
 Body mass index | |||||
  Underweight (15– < 18 kg/m2) |  |  |  | 1.23 (0.80,1.89) | 1.23 (0.80,1.89) |
  Normal (18– < 25 kg/m2) |  |  |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
  Overweight (25– < 30 kg/m2) |  |  |  | 0.98 (0.83,1.17) | 0.98 (0.82,1.17) |
  Obese (>30–50 kg/m2) |  |  |  | 0.78 (0.64,0.95) | 0.77 (0.63,0.94) |
 Smoking status | |||||
  Current smoker |  |  |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
  Ex-smoker |  |  |  | 0.76 (0.57,1.03) | 0.78 (0.57,1.05) |
  Never smoker |  |  |  | 0.76 (0.56,1.03) | 0.77 (0.57,1.05) |
Hospitalisation history (APDC, prior 6Â years) | |||||
 Previous CVD | |||||
  Yes |  |  |  | 1.41 (1.06,1.88) | 1.44 (1.08,1.91) |
  No |  |  |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Previous heart failure | |||||
  Yes |  |  |  | 1.12 (0.94,1.32) | 1.11 (0.93,1.31) |
  No |  |  |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Previous renal disease | |||||
  Yes |  |  |  | 1.12 (0.89,1.40) | 1.11 (0.89,1.39) |
  No |  |  |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Previous anaemia | |||||
  Yes |  |  |  | 1.36 (1.13,1.62) | 1.36 (1.14,1.63) |
  No |  |  |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Previous dementia | |||||
  Yes |  |  |  | 0.66 (0.35,1.22) | 0.66 (0.36,1.22) |
  No |  |  |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Index admission characteristics | |||||
 Primary diagnosis | |||||
  Yes |  |  |  | 0.94 (0.81,1.08) | 0.93 (0.80,1.07) |
  No |  |  |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Current comorbidity (Charlson Index) | |||||
  None |  |  |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
  Mild-moderate |  |  |  | 1.15 (0.98,1.35) | 1.15 (0.98,1.35) |
  Severe |  |  |  | 1.25 (1.02,1.52) | 1.26 (1.03,1.54) |
Hospital characteristics | |||||
 Hospital peer group | |||||
  Principal referral |  |  |  |  | 1.00 |
  Major city |  |  |  |  | 0.92 (0.72,1.18) |
  District |  |  |  |  | 1.03 (0.81,1.31) |
  Community |  |  |  |  | 1.34 (0.99,1.81) |
  Private |  |  |  |  | 0.80 (0.63,1.01) |
  Others |  |  |  |  | 0.72 (0.48,1.09) |
 Heart failure service | |||||
  Yes |  |  |  |  | 1.10 (0.93,1.31) |
  No |  |  |  |  | 1.00 |