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Table 6 Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models of achievement of ANC4+, SBA and PNC (Complete Continued Care) with various determinants within each of the two waves of PDHS during 2006-2012

From: Continuum of care in maternal, newborn and child health in Pakistan: analysis of trends and determinants from 2006 to 2012

Characteristics

Model III (ANC4+, SBA and PNC)

PDHS (2006-07)

PDHS (2012-13)

Bivariate

Multivariate

Bivariate

Multivariate

OR

CI (95%)

p-value

AOR

CI (95%)

p-value

OR

CI (95%)

p-value

AOR

CI (95%)

p-value

Regions/Provinces

 Baluchistan

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 Punjab

4.27

2.91-6.26

<0.01

2.60

1.72-3.95

<0.01

4.90

3.91-6.15

<0.01

2.88

2.21-3.75

<0.01

 Sindh

5.39

3.66-7.93

<0.01

5.36

3.52-8.15

<0.01

6.46

5.13-8.13

<0.01

5.01

3.85-6.52

<0.01

 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

2.59

1.72-3.92

<0.01

2.20

1.41-3.44

<0.01

2.60

2.04-3.31

<0.01

1.99

1.52-2.62

<0.01

 Gilgit Baltistan

-

-

-

-

-

<0.01

1.95

1.46-2.60

<0.01

1.74

1.25-2.43

<0.01

 Islamabad

-

-

-

-

-

<0.01

20.72

15.64-27.44

<0.01

5.56

3.99-7.74

<0.01

Geographical classification

 Rural

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 Urban

4.39

3.76-5.11

<0.01

1.45

1.19-1.76

<0.01

3.35

3.01-3.73

<0.01

1.14

0.98-1.33

0.09

Respondents age

 15-24 years

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 25-34 years

1.31

1.10-1.57

<0.01

1.18

0.92-1.51

0.18

1.03

0.91-1.17

0.66

0.91

0.76-1.10

0.34

 35 years and above

0.67

0.53-0.84

<0.01

1.02

0.71-1.46

0.92

0.76

0.65-0.88

<0.01

1.07

0.82-1.41

0.61

Respondents age at first birth

 Less than 20 years

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 20-29 years

2.10

1.79-2.46

<0.01

1.28

1.04-1.57

0.02

2.28

2.03-2.55

<0.01

1.26

1.08-1.48

<0.01

 30 years and above

2.11

1.43-3.09

<0.01

1.64

0.98-2.72

0.059

5.38

4.15-6.97

<0.01

1.74

1.19-2.56

<0.01

Respondents educational status

 Uneducated

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 Primary

2.84

2.27-3.54

<0.01

1.46

1.14-1.88

<0.01

3.32

2.81-3.91

<0.01

1.54

1.28-1.87

<0.01

 Secondary

5.98

4.91-7.29

<0.01

1.92

1.50-2.46

<0.01

7.01

6.07-8.09

<0.01

2.09

1.73-2.52

<0.01

 Higher

17.45

13.69-22.24

<0.01

3.44

2.48-4.77

<0.01

20.05

16.84-23.86

<0.01

3.73

2.92-4.76

<0.01

Husbands educational status

 Uneducated

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 Primary

1.56

1.18-2.08

<0.01

0.98

0.72-1.33

0.92

2.05

1.67-2.53

<0.01

1.18

0.93-1.49

0.16

 Secondary

3.32

2.68-4.12

<0.01

1.42

1.11-1.83

<0.01

4.11

3.50-4.82

<0.01

1.61

1.33-1.95

<0.01

 Higher

7.67

6.13-9.60

<0.01

1.60

1.20-2.14

<0.01

8.54

7.24-10.08

<0.01

1.60

1.28-2.00

<0.01

Respondents employment status

 Unemployed

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 Employed

0.63

0.53-0.75

<0.01

1.03

0.83-1.26

0.81

0.64

0.56-0.74

<0.01

0.81

0.68-0.96

0.02

Husbands employment status

 Unemployed

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 Employed

1.61

1.01-2.60

0.05

1.29

0.76-2.19

0.35

2.13

1.44-3.16

<0.01

1.38

0.87-2.19

0.16

Parity/Number of children

 5 children or more

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 3-4 children

2.19

1.78-2.68

<0.01

1.16

0.90-1.49

0.25

2.34

2.02-2.72

<0.01

1.23

1.01-1.50

0.04

 1-2 children

2.81

2.32-3.39

<0.01

1.49

1.11-1.99

0.01

3.96

3.45-4.55

<0.01

1.91

1.51-2.39

<0.01

Respondents autonomy to healthcare decision-making

 No

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

  

1

  

 Yes

-

-

-

-

-

-

1.77

1.59-1.96

<0.01

1.19

1.04-1.36

0.01

Exposure to mass medias

 No

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

  

1

  

 Yes

-

-

-

-

-

-

6.35

5.40-7.48

<0.01

1.48

1.21-1.81

<0.01

Wealth quintile

 Poorest

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 Poorer

1.62

1.09-2.41

0.02

1.55

1.03-2.34

0.03

2.29

1.76-2.97

<0.01

1.53

1.15-2.03

<0.01

 Middle

3.12

2.16-4.50

<0.01

2.51

1.69-3.74

<0.01

3.93

3.07-5.02

<0.01

1.98

1.49-2.64

<0.01

 Richer

6.99

4.96-9.85

<0.01

3.73

2.51-5.56

<0.01

8.92

7.05-11.28

<0.01

2.79

2.07-3.78

<0.01

 Richest

22.48

16.14-31.32

<0.01

7.38

4.83-11.27

<0.01

31.02

24.55-39.19

<0.01

5.37

3.85-7.49

<0.01

Distance from health facility for medical care

 Big problem

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

  

1

  

 Not a big problem

-

-

-

-

-

-

3.30

2.94-3.70

<0.01

1.04

0.85-1.25

0.71

Transport arrangement for medical care

 Big problem

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

  

1

  

 Not a big problem

-

-

-

-

-

-

3.36

3.00-3.75

<0.01

1.11

0.92-1.34

0.26