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Table 4 Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models of achievement of ANC4+ (Continued Care at Pregnancy) with various determinants within each of the two waves of PDHS during 2006-2012

From: Continuum of care in maternal, newborn and child health in Pakistan: analysis of trends and determinants from 2006 to 2012

Characteristics

Model I (ANC4+)

PDHS (2006/07)

PDHS (2012/13)

Bivariate

Multivariate

Bivariate

Multivariate

OR

CI (95%)

p-value

AOR

CI (95%)

p-value

OR

CI (95%)

p-value

AOR

CI (95%)

p-value

Regions/Provinces

 Baluchistan

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 Punjab

4.39

3.32-5.79

<0.01

3.01

2.21-4.10

<0.01

3.94

3.27-4.74

<0.01

2.42

1.94-3.03

<0.01

 Sindh

4.95

3.73-6.57

<0.01

4.96

3.63-6.77

<0.01

5.17

4.27-6.25

<0.01

4.30

3.45-5.36

<0.01

 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

2.71

2.01-3.66

<0.01

2.27

1.64-3.16

<0.01

2.37

1.95-2.88

<0.01

2.00

1.59-2.50

<0.01

 Gilgit Baltistan

-

-

-

-

-

-

3.27

2.62-4.08

<0.01

3.69

2.84-4.79

<0.01

 Islamabad

-

-

-

-

-

-

21.01

15.97-27.65

<0.01

6.70

4.86-9.23

<0.01

Geographical classification

 Rural

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 Urban

3.52

3.12-3.97

<0.01

1.37

1.17-1.60

<0.01

3.20

2.90-3.52

<0.01

1.20

1.04-1.38

0.01

Respondents age

 15-24 years

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 25-34 years

1.23

1.06-1.41

<0.01

1.17

0.96-1.43

0.12

1.06

0.94-1.18

0.35

1.04

0.88-1.24

0.62

 35 years and above

0.77

0.65-0.92

<0.01

1.10

0.83-1.46

0.51

0.74

0.64-0.85

<0.01

1.02

0.79-1.31

0.86

Respondents age at first birth

 Less than 20 years

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 20-29 years

1.48

1.31-1.67

<0.01

0.95

0.81-1.12

0.54

1.92

1.74-2.13

<0.01

1.18

1.04-1.36

0.01

 30 years and above

1.45

1.05-2.00

0.02

1.12

0.73-1.72

0.60

3.86

2.98-5.00

<0.01

1.51

1.04-2.19

0.03

Respondents educational status

 Uneducated

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 Primary

2.46

2.07-2.92

<0.01

1.37

1.13-1.67

<0.01

2.85

2.47-3.29

<0.01

1.44

1.22-1.69

<0.01

 Secondary

5.13

4.34-6.06

<0.01

1.92

1.56-2.36

<0.01

6.37

5.58-7.28

<0.01

2.14

1.80-2.54

<0.01

 Higher

14.46

11.22-18.62

<0.01

3.63

2.67-4.99

<0.01

16.20

13.51-19.43

<0.01

3.22

2.53-4.09

<0.01

Husbands educational status

 Uneducated

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 Primary

1.48

1.21-1.81

<0.01

0.99

0.80-1.23

0.95

1.76

1.49-2.09

<0.01

1.07

0.88-1.29

0.48

 Secondary

2.74

2.35-3.20

<0.01

1.36

1.13-1.64

<0.01

3.29

2.88-3.75

<0.01

1.34

1.14-1.57

<0.01

 Higher

5.67

4.74-6.77

<0.01

1.53

1.21-1.93

<0.01

6.25

5.42-7.20

<0.01

1.23

1.01-1.49

0.03

Respondents employment status

 Unemployed

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 Employed

0.67

0.59-0.77

<0.01

0.98

0.83-1.16

0.85

0.68

0.62-0.77

<0.01

0.92

0.78-1.07

0.27

Husbands employment status

 Unemployed

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 Employed

1.18

0.84-1.65

0.34

0.94

0.64-1.39

0.77

1.67

1.22-2.29

0.01

1.22

0.84-1.77

0.30

Parity/Number of children

 5 children or more

1

  

1

     

1

  

 3-4 children

1.61

1.38-1.88

<0.01

0.97

0.80-1.18

0.82

1.97

1.73-2.23

<0.01

1.09

0.92-1.29

0.30

 1-2 children

1.89

1.64-2.18

<0.01

1.16

0.92-1.46

0.20

3.15

2.80-3.55

<0.01

1.66

1.35-2.03

<0.01

Respondents autonomy to healthcare decision-making

 No

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

  

1

  

 Yes

-

-

-

-

-

-

1.76

1.60-1.94

<0.01

1.26

1.12-1.42

<0.01

Exposure to mass media

 No

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

  

1

  

 Yes

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.48

4.24-5.45

<0.01

1.45

1.24-1.70

<0.01

Wealth quintile

 Poorest

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 Poorer

1.54

1.21-1.95

<0.01

1.49

1.16-1.92

<0.01

1.93

1.59-2.32

<0.01

1.41

1.14-1.74

<0.01

 Middle

2.32

1.84-2.94

<0.01

1.94

1.50-2.52

<0.01

2.99

2.49-3.58

<0.01

1.83

1.46-2.28

<0.01

 Richer

5.25

4.21-6.56

<0.01

3.15

2.42-4.11

<0.01

6.28

5.27-7.50

<0.01

2.64

2.08-3.36

<0.01

 Richest

15.42

12.33-19.28

<0.01

6.07

4.50-8.19

<0.01

20.88

17.33-25.14

<0.01

5.27

3.98-6.98

<0.01

Distance from health facility for medical care

 Big problem

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

  

1

  

 Not a big problem

-

-

-

-

-

-

2.76

2.50-3.05

<0.01

0.88

0.74-1.04

0.13

Transport arrangement for medical care

 Big problem

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

  

1

  

 Not a big problem

-

-

-

-

-

-

2.92

2.65-3.22

<0.01

1.21

1.03-1.44

0.02