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Table 1 Mortality analysis: baseline characteristics of study population, stratified by age and education

From: Educational level and 30-day outcomes after hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction in Italy

 

Overall

age ≤75

age > 75

Level of education

Level of education

Level of education

All

Low

Mid

High

p

All

Low

Mid

High

p

All

Low

Mid

High

p

Number

23,402

12,613

6667

4122

 

12,409

4128

4924

3357

 

10,993

8485

1743

765

 

%

100

53.9

28.5

17.6

 

100

33.3

39.7

27.0

 

100

77.2

15.9

7.0

 

Demographic variables

 Age in years

71.7

78.0

65.6

62.4

*

61.6

66.6

59.9

57.9

*

83.2

83.6

81.7

81.9

*

 Male (%)

63.6

53.4

73.2

79.4

*

76.1

68.3

78.5

82.2

*

49.9

46.1

57.9

66.8

*

Clinical variables

 Tumours (%)

5.6

6.1

5.4

4.7

*

4.5

5.3

4.4

3.7

*

6.9

6.4

8.1

9.0

*

 Diabetes (%)

8.8

10.9

7.5

4.4

*

6.2

9.0

5.8

3.3

*

11.7

11.8

12.2

9.4

 

 Hematologic diseases (%)

6.7

8.9

4.6

3.2

*

2.9

4.0

2.7

2.1

*

10.9

11.3

10.2

8.0

*

 Hypertensive diseases (%)

14.3

17.3

12.0

8.9

*

9.4

11.7

9.1

6.9

*

19.9

20.0

20.4

17.5

 

 Other forms of ischemic heart diseases (%)

11.6

13.7

10.0

7.7

*

8.0

10.0

7.7

6.2

*

15.7

15.6

16.8

14.2

 

 Previous heart failures (%)

6.8

9.1

4.6

3.0

*

3.0

4.4

2.5

1.9

*

11.1

11.5

10.5

7.7

*

 Other cardiac conditions (%)

2.6

3.2

2.0

1.9

*

1.4

2.0

1.2

0.9

*

4.1

3.8

4.2

6.3

*

 Conduction disorders and cardiac dysrhythmias (%)

6.7

8.9

4.7

3.2

*

2.9

4.3

2.5

1.7

*

11.0

11.1

11.2

9.5

 

 Cerebrovascular diseases (%)

9.3

11.8

7.2

4.9

*

4.7

6.3

4.5

3.2

*

14.4

14.5

14.9

12.7

 

 Vascular diseases (%)

7.3

8.5

6.5

4.8

*

5.8

7.6

5.5

4.0

*

9.0

8.9

9.5

8.4

 

 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (%)

4.2

5.4

3.4

1.8

*

2.3

3.4

2.2

1.2

*

6.3

6.4

6.8

4.3

 

 Chronic nephropathies (%)

11.7

15.0

8.5

6.5

*

5.2

6.9

4.8

3.8

*

18.9

19.0

18.9

18.6

 

 NSTEMI (%)

53.9

58.9

48.9

46.7

*

47.4

53.8

44.6

43.5

*

61.3

61.4

60.9

60.5

 

 Previous AMI episodes (%)

9.4

10.0

9.2

7.9

*

8.1

8.8

8.0

7.3

*

10.9

10.6

12.6

10.3

 

 30-day mortality (%)

7.0

9.8

4.3

2.8

*

2.5

3.5

2.4

1.6

*

12.1

13.0

9.8

8.2

*

  1. p < 0.05 in test for trend between levels of education
  2. Low education = no middle school diploma, mid education = middle school diploma, and high education = high school diploma or more