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Table 2 Reviewers’ judgments regarding sources of bias

From: Cultural adaptations to augment health and mental health services: a systematic review

Study

Selection bias

Allocation concealment

Performance bias

Detection bias

Attrition bias

Reporting bias

Other bias

Ard et al. 2008 [53]

X

X

?

?

√

?

?

Burrow-Sanchez et al. 2015 [77]

√

?

X

?

√

?

X

Burrow-Sanchez & Wrona, 2012 [76]

√

?

X

?

√

?

?

Chiang & Sun, 2009 [79]

X

?

?

?

√

?

?

Fitzgibbon et al. 2005 [50]

X

X

√

√

√

√

?

Gondolf, 2008 [47]

√

?

?

?

√

√

√

Halbert et al. 2010 [68]

?

?

?

?

√

√

√

Havranek et al. 2012 [58]

√

√

√

√

?

?

?

Holt et al. 2009 [71]

?

?

?

?

√

?

?

Holt et al. 2012a [66]; 2012b [67]

√

?

√

√

√

?

X

Huey & Pan, 2006 [64]; Pan et al. 2011 [65]

?

?

?

√

√

√

?

Hwang et al. 2015 [80]

√

?

?

√

√

?

X

Jandorf et al. 2013a [51]; 2013b [52]

√

?

?

?

√

?

√

Johnson et al. 2005 [37]

?

?

?

?

√

√

√

Kalichman et al. 1993 [46]

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

Kreuter et al. 2004 [60]; 2005 [62]

√

√

?

√

√

√

√

La Roche et al. 2006 [38]

√

?

X

?

√

?

X

Lee et al. 2013 [54]

√

?

?

?

?

?

?

McCabe et al. 2009 [55]; 2012 [56]

√

√

X

√

√

?

√

Mohan et al. 2014 [59]

√

√

X

√

√

?

√

Newton & Perri, 2004 [45]

?

?

?

?

√

√

√

Nollen et al. 2007 [73]

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

Orleans et al. 1998 [74]

X

?

?

X

√

X

√

Resnicow et al. 2009 [63]

?

?

√

?

√

√

√

Sanders Thompson et al., 2010 [70]

√

?

?

?

?

?

?

Shoptaw et al. 2003 [78]

√

?

?

?

√

√

√

Skaer et al. 1996 [57]

X

?

?

√

√

?

?

Unger et al. 2013 [72]

√

?

?

√

√

?

X

Wang et al. 2012a [48]; 2012b [49]

√

?

?

?

√

?

√

Webb, 2009 [75]

?

?

√

√

√

√

√

Webb et al. 2010 [69]

?

?

?

?

√

?

?

Total Low Risk:

Total Unclear Risk:

Total High Risk:

√ = 17

? = 9

X = 5

√ = 5

? = 24

X = 2

√ = 6

? = 20

X = 5

√ = 18

? = 12

X = 1

√ = 27

? = 4

X = 0

√ = 11

? = 19

X = 1

√ = 14

? = 12

X = 5