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Table 5 Results of WHO/INRUD Indicator studies in different countries

From: Assessment of core drug use indicators using WHO/INRUD methodology at primary healthcare centers in Bahawalpur, Pakistan

Performance Indicators

Study Reference

Mean

[54]

[14, 58]

[55]

[6]

[41]

[28]

[48]

[42]

[36]

[49]

Average number of medicines prescribed per patient encounter

2.2

2.4

2.3

2.5

2.3

3.0

2.2

2.2

2.4

3.1

2.5

Percent medicines prescribed by generic name

74.0

61.2

5.1

95.4

75.5

63.1

99.0

79.4

99.8

10.1

66.3

Percent encounters with an antibiotic prescribed

37.0

32.2

60.9

39.2

35.4

54.2

43.0

24.9

66.0

33.0

42.6

Percent encounters with an injection prescribed

11.0

2.0

1.2

9.9

19.0

38.0

18.0

10.6

2.4

2.4

11.4

Percent medicines prescribed from EML

78.0

99.2

93.0

95.4

87.1

75.6

98.8

90.3

99.7

65.2

88.2

Average consultation time (minutes)

5.8

7.3

3.9

7.1

3.6

6.1

3.7

6.2

4.4

2.3

5.0

Average dispensing time (seconds)

17.0

100

28.8

47.4

39.9

18.1

37.0

78.0

234

258

85.8

Percent medicines actually dispensed

66.0

99.6

81.8

95.9

91.6

99.1

84.5

83.4

100

81.0

88.3

Percent medicines adequately labeled

63.0

10.0

91.4

0.0

87.6

55.9

86.2

70.1

0.0

99.4

56.4

Percent patients with knowledge of correct doses

54.0

79.3

77.7

94.0

96.1

86.5

81.7

72.1

55.0

74.3

77.1

Availability of EML to practitioners

50.0

90.0

100

80.0

100

100

100

50.0

100

100

87

Percent key medicines available

55.0

59.2

80.0

78.3

100

91.7

86.5

65.0

86.6

84.0

78.6

  1. EML Essential Medicines List; Study number 29 was in Brazil; 14,30 in Saudi Arabia; 31in Jordan; 6 in Egypt; 32 in Tanzania; 28 in Swaziland; 33 in Mozambique; 34 in Ethiopia; 35 in Cambodia; 36 in India