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Table 2 Participant characteristics versus readiness for implementation of the eHealth system

From: Readiness of healthcare providers for eHealth: the case from primary healthcare centers in Lebanon

 

Factors

Appropriateness

Management support

Change efficacy

Personally beneficial

Ageb Mean (Standard deviation)

 25–35

5.01 (±0.64)

5.16 (±0.91)

5.25 (±0.79)

5.23 (±0.77)

 36–45

5.06 (±1.01)

5.03 (±0.75)

4.99 (±0.90)

5.06 (±0.93)

 46–55

5.09 (±0.51)

5.28 (±0.74)

5.16 (±0.11)

5.24 (±0.91)

  > 56

5.00 (±0.69)

5.30 (±0.64)

4.95 (±0.95)

5.18 (±0.90)

Gendera Mean (Standard deviation)

 Male

5.03 (±0.95)

5.06 (±0.79)

5.11 (±0.85)

5.15 (±0.93)

 Female

5.06 (±0.54)

5.28 (±0.79)

5.15 (±0.86)

5.21 (±0.81)

Occupationb Mean (Standard deviation)

 Physician

5.03 (±0.87)

5.01 (±0.78)c

5.12 (±0.82)

5.26 (±0.80)

 Nurse

4.97 (±0.57)

5.11 (±0.86)

4.85 (±0.90)d

4.80 (±0.96)e, f

 Others

5.16 (±0.58)

5.47 (±0.70)

5.38 (±0.77)

5.44 (±0.74)

Employment status at the respective PHC centerb Mean (Standard deviation)

 Full-time

5.09 (±0.84)

5.32 (±0.79)g

5.09 (±0.88)

5.07 (±0.94)

 Part-time

4.99 (±0.59)

5.05 (±0.76)

5.12 (±0.87)

5.29 (±0.79)

 Temporary/Casual

4.88 (±0.73)

4.70 (±0.76)

5.08 (±0.72)

5.19 (±0.78)

Highest level of educationb Mean (Standard deviation)

 High school graduate

5.40 (±0.28)

5.40 (±0.93)

5.38 (±0.58)

5.45 (±0.81)

 Technical school graduate

4.86 (±0.71)

5.08 (±0.90)

4.87 (±0.90)

4.76 (±0.96)

 Haven’t graduated university

5.26 (±0.27)

5.46 (±0.56)

5.16 (±0.92)

5.45 (±0.60)

 Undergraduate degree

5.05 (±0.52)

5.26 (±0.73)

5.12 (±0.90)

5.25 (±0.92)

 Graduate degree

5.36 (±1.20)

5.44 (±0.59)

5.54 (±0.76)

5.35 (±0.82)

 Doctoral degree

4.91 (±0.64)

4.88 (±0.78)

5.02 (±0.83)

5.21 (±0.81)

 Other

5.15 (±0.56)

5.66 (±0.66)

4.58 (±1.03)

5.25 (±0.54)

Total years of practiceb Mean (Standard deviation)

 Less than one year

5.17 (±0.44)

4.90 (±0.46)

5.07 (±0.62)

5.25 (±0.43)

 Between 1 and 5 years

5.14 (±1.13)

5.01 (±0.95)

5.23 (±0.83)

5.26 (±0.75)

 Between 6 and 10 years

4.93 (±0.67)

5.20 (±0.91)

5.08 (±0.87)

5.25 (±0.75)

 Between 11 and 15 years

5.03 (±0.61)

5.23 (±0.80)

5.16 (±0.78)

5.32 (±0.87)

 Between 16 and 20 years

5.06 (±0.41)

5.34 (±0.64)

5.07 (±0.94)

4.93 (±1.00)

 More than 20 years

5.00 (±0.63)

5.20 (±0.71)

5.00 (±0.92)

5.03 (±1.00)

Total years of practice at the respective PHC centerb Mean (Standard deviation)

 Less than 1 year

4.95 (±0.66)

4.76 (±0.84)

5.09 (±0.66)

5.21 (±0.65)

 Between 1 and 5 years

5.13 (±0.91)

5.15 (±0.84)

5.21 (±0.80)

5.33 (±0.76)

 Between 6 and 10 years

4.94 (±0.69)

5.17 (±0.83)

4.95 (±0.94)

5.01 (±0.91)

 Between 11 and 15 years

5.20 (±0.51)

5.41 (±0.69)

5.40 (±0.70)

5.28 (±0.95)

 Between 16 and 20 years

4.94 (±0.54)

4.77 (±0.79)

4.95 (±1.11)

5.18 (±0.92)

 More than 20 years

5.03 (±0.74)

5.17 (±0.80)

5.10 (±0.86)

5.18 (±0.87)

  1. aIndependent T-test
  2. bAnova One-way analysis of means, with Bonferroni multiple comparison test, and Kruskal-Wallis One-way analysis of variance, with
  3. Tamhane T2 analysis of unequal variances were used for statistical analysis
  4. c, d, eA significant difference was found with other healthcare providers
  5. fA significant difference was found with physicians
  6. gA significant difference was found with temporary/casual employees