Table 2 Local contextual factors analysis conceptual model
Enabling elements | Socio-cultural characteristics | Legal and regulatory framework and Governance context | Socio-economic conditions |
|---|---|---|---|
Association | - Existence of social structures supportive of community participation - Existence of actors involved in maternal health issues in local settings - Existence of community network, organizations or groups - Existing local experience of participation or of citizen engagement - Women’s status /Gender barriers - Level of women participation in communities’ activities | - Existing political system - Existing of national/local political context supportive of community participation - Freedom of association - Existing recognition and accreditation policies and practices related to the freedom of association, of information, of convening meetings | - Socio-economic characteristics of population - Impact of local economy on members’ contribution, on association autonomy and advocacy - Impact on contribution by members and cost of convening meetings - Cost of legal registrations and accreditation |
Resources | - Social mobilization capacity within the community - Co-memberships - Existence of a history of community mobilization or social/citizen engagement - History of interactions between associations/groups - Decision making process within groups | - The individual capacity to collective action (social mobilization) - Decentralization | - Availability of basic services such as water supply, electricity/Infrastructures - Main occupations of the population/Earning potential of the population/ Size of and stresses in the economy unemployment |
Voice | - Existing media/Access to media/ Communication practices in local settings (use of media by different social groups) | - Level of political control of means of expression/media - Freedom of expression - Media related laws | - Cost associated with expressing views in media |
Information | - Access to Information - Information network - Literacy | - Freedom of information - Rights to access public information/Ability to demystify information | - Cost for access to information |
Negotiation | - Existing social values and hierarchies - Distribution of ethnicity and tribes - Existence of excluded or marginalized population/social inclusion - Existing social structures in place that enable women to actively participate - Social capital/social pressures capacity/capacity of actors or groups to negotiate change - Level of women’s participation in decision making | - Existence of legally established dialogue spaces such as referendum or forum in local level/Existence of health committee - Level of trust officials have in the demand or the organization mobilizing citizen action - Local government authorities’ capacities to engage | - Bargaining power - Impact of economic constraints in autonomy and advocacy |