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Table 4 Unadjusted multilevel logistic regression models of health centre and client level factors associated with top quartile delivery of guideline-scheduled services

From: Improvement in delivery of type 2 diabetes services differs by mode of care: a retrospective longitudinal analysis in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Primary Health Care setting

 

Laboratory testsa

Generalist physical checksa

Specialist physical checksa

Counselling or education (nutrition and physical activity)a

Counselling or education (high risk alcohol or tobacco use)b

 

Fixed effects

OR (95 % CI)

ORs (95 % CI)

ORs (95 % CI)

ORs (95 % CI)

ORs (95 % CI)

Audit Year

2005/2006

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

2007

0.85 (0.71–1.05)

2.45 (1.98–3.03)**

0.88 (0.72–1.08)

1.68 (1.38–2.04)**

3.30 (2.23–4.88)**

2008

0.87 (0.72–1.04)

3.20 (2.61–3.93)**

0.95 (0.80–1.13)

1.69 (1.41–2.01)**

2.32 (1.67–3.21)**

2009

1.08 (0.90–1.29)

5.09 (4.15–6.25)**

1.26 (1.04–1.51)*

2.69 (2.24–3.23)**

2.33 (1.71–3.18)**

2010

1.23 (1.02–1.49(*

5.11 (4.10–6.36)**

1.06 (0.87–1.29)

2.69 (2.22–3.26)**

2.21 (1.59–3.09)**

2011

0.81 (0.69–0,97)**

5.12 (4.19–6.2)**

1.02 (0.85–1.21)

2.14 (1.80–2.54)**

2.25 (1.67–3.02)**

2012

1.26 (1.05–1.50)*

6.65 (5.37–8.04)**

1.29 (1.08–1.53)**

2.18 (1.83–2.59)**

2.25 (1.67–3.02)**

2013

1.67 (1.40–2.00)**

9.77 (7.92–12.03)**

1.64 (1.36–1.97)**

2.43 (2.36–4.12)**

2.76 (2.08–3.76)**

2014

1.82 (1.45–2.28)**

9.57 (7.41–12.34)**

1.65 (1.30–2.08)**

2.48 (1.98–3.12)**

2.41 (1.67–3.45)**

Health Centre Characteristics

Duration of CQI participation

Baseline

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1–2 cycles

1.47*1.35–1.61)**

2.40 (2.17–2.65)**

1.40 (1.28–1.53)**

1.89 (1.73–2.07)**

1.59 (1.36–1.85)**

≥3 cycles

1.54 (1.39–1.72)**

4.13 (3.66–4.66)**

1.48 (1.33–1.65)**

1.79 (1.61–2.00)**

1.77 (1.52–2.07)**

Location of health centre

Non-remote

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

 

Remote

4.01(2.84–5.68)**

1.85 (1.25–2.74)**

1.66 (1.25–2.22)**

1.82 (1.26–2.63)**

1.16 (0.87–1.56)

Governance

Community-Controlled

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

Government operated

0.85 (0.54–1.33)

0.99 (0.64–1.54)

1.03 (0.74–1.43)

1.18 (0.80–1.75)

0.75 (0.57–0.98)*

Service population

≤500

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

>500– < 1000

1.08 (0.67–1.61)

1.00 (0.65–1.54)

0.88 (0.64–1.20)

0.89 (0.60–1.32)

0.94 (0.67–1.31)

≥1000

0.71 (0.49–1.04)

0.66 (0.45–0.96)

0.71 (0.54–0.93)

0.68 (0.48–0.97)

1.01 (0.76–1.34)

% Clients attending in past 6 months

<97 %

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

≥97 %

1.59 (1.44–1.75)**

1.73 (1.56–1.92)**

1.61 (1.45–1.78)**

1.48 (1.34–1.64)**

1.13 (0.96–1.32)

Client Characteristics

Sex

Male

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

Female

1.08 (0.97–1.11)

0.99 (0.92–1.17)

1.09 (1.02–1.17)

1.00 (0.95–1.07)

0.99 (0.74–1.12)

Age

≥15- < 25

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

≥25- < 40

1.20 (0.91–1.57)

1.08 (0.81–1.45)

1.51 (1.15–1.96)**

1.37 (1.05–1.79)**

0.94 (0.59–1.48)

≥40- < 55

1.45 (1.11–1.88)

1.50 (1.13–1.99)**

2.26 (1.74–2.92)**

1.58 (1.12–2.04)**

1.05 (0.67–1.65)

≥55

1.62 (1.24–2.11)**

1.62 (1.22–2.15)**

3,27 (2,52–4.24)**

1.57 (0.53–1.34)

1.00 (0.63–1.58)

Indigenous Status

Non-Indigenous

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

Indigenous

1.11 (0.94–1.30)

1.35 (1.14–1.60)**

1.15 (0.98–1.35)

1.02 (0.87–1.19)

1.17 (0.84–1.64)

Comorbidity

None

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

One or more

1.53 (1.41–1.67)**

1.52 (1.39–1.66)**

1.65 (1.52–1.79)**

1.46 (1.35–1.58)**

1.24 (1/11–1.39)**

Complications

None

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1–2 complications

1.27 (1.14–1.42)**

1.25 (1.11–1.40)**

2.62 (2.30–1.40)**

1,24 (1.11–1.39)**

1.12 (0.92–1.38)

>2 complications

1.35 (1.13–1.61)**

1.00 (0.82–1.20)

3.47 (2.76–4.35)**

1.08 (0.91–1.30)

1.19 (0.86–1.66)

  1. aN = 15,622 clients and 162 health centres
  2. bN = 5962 clients and 162 health centres
  3. *p < 0.05
  4. **p = <0.01