Table 4 Characteristics of dead and alive hospitalized CKD patients

Number of patients (persons)

13,755

114,583

Age (years; mean ± SD)

67.89 ± 14.04

66.79 ± 13.70

<0.001

Sex (male/female)

1/0.98

1/1.07

<0.001

Health scheme (%)

UCS/CSMBS/SHI

74.5/22.4/3.1

77.2/18.9/3.9

<0.001

 Community/General/Tertiary/Private

  First admission

24.6/29.7/41.0/4.7

46.1/22.7/26.7/4.5

<0.001

  Frequent admission

17.3/33.0/44.9/4.8

42.7/24.2/28.5/4.5

<0.001

  Last admission

14.9/34.6/45.9/4.6

43.4/24.2/28.0/4.4

<0.001

Onetime admission/Multiple admission (%)

54.6/45.4

63.9/36.1

<0.001

CKD diagnosed as primary/secondary (%)

21.7/78.3

24.2/75.8

<0.001

Proportion of ESRD ((%)

39.29

25.16

<0.001

Common co-morbidities (%)

 Hypertension

59.54

59.26

0.52

 Diabetes mellitus

49.40

45.06

<0.001

 Hyperlipidemia

17.43

18.98

<0.001

 Ischemic heart disease

23.10

14.04

<0.001

 Heart failure

23.82

13.00

<0.001

 Gout

10.12

10.94

0.003

 Sepsis

44.68

9.29

<0.001

 Pneumonia

28.06

8.19

<0.001

 Acute kidney injury

21.61

7.33

<0.001

 Diarrhea

8.30

8.56

0.31

 Stroke

15.06

6.51

<0.001

 Respiratory failure

34.22

5.14

<0.001

Complications (%)

 Anemia requiring blood transfusion

43.01

28.64

<0.001

 Hyperkalemia

27.10

13.47

<0.001

 Volume overload

20.58

10.81

<0.001

 Metabolic acidosis

20.35

6.77

<0.001

Dialysis treatment (%)

 Hemodialysis

18.29

8.43

<0.001

 Peritoneal dialysis

5.21

2.44

<0.001

Length of stay (days; mean ± SD)

11.4 ± 24.8

5.8 ± 8.8

<0.001

Hospital charges (baht; mean ± SD)

61,662 ± 164,842

18,656 ± 55,546

<0.001