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Table 1 Funding of health promotion interventions in European countries

From: A review of health promotion funding for older adults in Europe: a cross-country comparison

Country

Who is funding health promotion interventions in general?

Who is funding health promotion interventions for older adults?

What are the mechanisms of funding?

Who is the collecting agent?

Sources

Austria

Government

Social Insurance fund

NGOsa

EU funding

Health promotion for older population groups are also funded by Fund for Healthy Austria and health insurance funds. For individuals who use health promotion activities, they are covered by health insurance package(Article 154b, ASVG)

General taxes

Insurance contributions

Fund for Healthy Austria

9 regional health insurers

6 professional health insurers

Hofmarcher et al. (2006) [26]

Schang LK, et al. (2012) [12].

Belgium

Regional and local entities

Same as general health promotion

General taxes

Local taxes

Earmarked taxes

Government

Local communities

Gerkens S, et al. (2010) [18]

Bulgaria

Government

Social insurance fund

EU projects

There is a National Plan to Promote Active Aging among Elderly in Bulgaria (2012-2030) adopted through Protocol â„– 24.2 of the Council of Ministers on 20.06.2012.

The objectives of the plan are to promote active aging among the elderly and to develop long-term care and voluntary work directed at the needs of elderly people. The funding of this plan comes from the state budget.

General taxes

Private insurance contributions

Grants (EU projects)

Ministry of health

National health insurance fund

http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpubh.2015.00175/full

http://www.insurancebulgaria.com/health-insurance-package-health-improvement-and-disease-prevention

http://www.chrodis.eu/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/JA-CHRODIS_Bulgaria-country-review-in-the-field-of-health-promtion-and-primary-prevention.pdf

http://www.hspm.org/countries/bulgaria22042013/livinghit.aspx?Section=3.3%20Overview%20of%20the%20statutory%20financing%20system&Type=Section

Croatia

Government

Social insurance fund

Same as general health promotion

General taxes

Insurance contributions

Croatian Insurance Fund

Vulic & Healy (1999) [27]

Cyprus

Ministry of Health

Different private stakeholders

Same as general health promotion

General taxes

Private contributions

Government

http://www.chrodis.eu/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/JA-CHRODIS_Cyprus-country-review-in-the-field-of-health-promtion-and-primary-prevention.pdf

Czech Republic

Ministry of health

NGO

EU projects

Same as for general health promotion

General taxes

Private contributions

Grants (EU projects)

Ministry of Health

Bryndová et al (2009) [28]

Denmark

Government

Private stakeholders

Same as for general health promotion

General taxes

Private insurance contributions

Private payments

Government

Christiansen (2002) [29]

Estonia

Estonian Insurance fund

European social funding

EU projects

Same as for general health promotion

Insurance contributions

Grants

Estonian Insurance fund

http://www.chrodis.eu/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/JA-CHRODIS_Estonia-country-review-in-the-field-of-health-promtion-and-primary-prevention.pdf

http://programs.jointlearningnetwork.org/content/estonian-health-insurance-fund

Finland

Municipality entities

Financed by municipalities

General taxation

Local taxes

Local municipalities

World Health Organization. (2002) [30]

France

Insurance funds

Same as for general health promotion

Insurance contributions

Earmarked taxes

Taxes on alcohol and tobacco products

Social insurance funds

Fund (2012) [31]

Germany

Statutory health insurance funds

Ministry of Health, Labor, Family and Social affairs

Federal Association for Prevention and Health Promotion

Local communities

State Associations for Health Promotion and Prevention;

Private insurance funds

Financial resources from foundations (e.g. Robert Bosch Foundation, Bertelsmann Foundation)

Same as for general health promotion

General taxes

Social insurance fund

Private households

Workers payments

Donations

Social insurance fund

Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung weiterentwickeln. Positionspapier des GKV-Spitzenverbandesbeschlossen vom Verwaltungsrat am 27. Juni 2013

https://www.gkv-spitzenverband.de/media/dokumente/krankenversicherung_1/praevention__selbsthilfe__beratung/praevention/2013-07-11_Positionspapier_Praevention_und_Gesundheit.pdf

Brussig (2014) [32]

Conflicting Rules and Incentives for Health Promotion and Prevention in the German Statutory Health Insurance (GKV).

Health promotion effectiveness: testing the German statutory health insurance agencies evaluation system in health promotion, and preliminary findings from 212 health training courses

Greece

Government

EU funding

Same as for general health promotion

General taxation

Insurance contributions

Grants

Government

http://www.chrodis.eu/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/JA-CHRODIS_Greece-country-review-in-the-field-of-health-promtion-and-primary-prevention.pdf

http://www.ep.liu.se/ej/hygiea/v9/i1/a18/hygiea10v9i1a18.pdf

http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/130729/e94660.pdf

Hungary

Government

Health fund for health promotion

Same as for general health promotion

General taxes

There is a special fund for HEALTH PROMOTION financing

Schang LK, et al. (2012) [12]

Ireland

Healthy Ireland Fund

Local communities

Same as for general health promotion

General taxes

Social insurance contributions

Private insurance

Pit of pocket patient payments

Healthy Ireland Fund

What works in health promotion for older people? NATIONAL COUNCIL ON AGEING AND OLDER PEOPLE

22 CLANWILLLIAM SQUARE

GRAND CANAL QUAY

DUBLIN 2, report

Italy

Government

Same as for general health promotion

Tax based

Government

Fund (2012) [31]

Iceland

Government

EU projects

NGOs

Same as for general health promotion

General taxes

Grants

Government

Fund (2012) [31]

http://www.chrodis.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Italy-CHRODIS-final-draft_rivistoBD_DG.pdf

Lithuania

Government

Insurance fund

Same as for general health promotion

General taxes

Insurance contributions

Insurance fund

http://www.mepactiveageing.ipleiria.pt/files/2012/01/Klaipeda-State-College1.pdf

The Netherlands

Government

NGOs

Government

Local taxes

Private payments

Government

http://www.nationaalkompas.nl/preventie/gericht-op-doelgroepen/ouderen/

Schippers et al (2009) [33].

http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/270102001.pdf

http://www.healthproelderly.com/pdf/National_report1_Netherlands.pdf

Norway

Organized and covered by municipalities via general taxes. Some funds are obtained also via Norwegian Health Economics Administration fund

Same as for general health promotion

Local taxes

Private payments

Government

Thomson et al (2011) [34]

Poland

Government

Regional entities

Local communities

National insurance fund NGOs

Same as for general health promotion

General taxes

Earmarked taxes

Social insurance contribution

Governments

Territorial self-government

National insurance fund

Izabela Nawrolska (2013) [35]

Slovakia

Government

Same as for general health promotion

General tax

Social insurance

Users payments

Government

Colombo and Tapay (2004) [36]

Slovenia

Insurance funds

NGOs

EU funding

Same as for general health promotion

Voluntary health care insurance contributions

Grants

Donations

Insurance fund

Specialized fund for health promotion

Jakubowski (Ed.) (2002) [37]

Spain

Government

Ministry of Health

Same as for general health promotion

General taxes

Insurance fund

World Health Organization. (2000) [38]

Sweden

Included in universal coverage

Spare evidence of users payments for older population groups

General taxes

Insurance fund

Care of the Elderly in Sweden Today

Switzerland

Insurance funds

Users payments exists among older population groups

Insurance contributions

Private payments

Fund for health promotion Gesundheitsförderung Schweiz GFS

Gesundheitsförderung Schweiz, Geschäftbericht

e.g. 2013 under: http://geschaeftsberichte.gesundheitsfoerderung.ch/2013/

United Kingdom

NHS

Users payments exists among older population groups

Same as general health promotion

Covered by NHS

Financed by government or charity organizations or private payments

Courbage and Coulon (2004) [19].

Ashton (2001) [39]

  1. aNGOs in Austria also receive money from general taxation