From: Associations of frailty with health care costs – results of the ESTHER cohort study
Models without comorbidity (1) | Models with comorbidity (2) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Inpatientb | Outpatient | Pharmaceuticals | Nursing careb | Total | Inpatientb | Outpatient | Pharmaceuticals | Nursing careb | |
Prefrail (1) | 77.51 | 2.94 | 35.15 | 26.76 | 12.74 | 56.19 | −10.18 | 33.15 | 17.57 | 10.14 |
(73.88) | (63.68) | (23.38) | (10.95)* | (10.35) | (73.21) | (63.21) | (23.25) | (9.72) | (9.06) | |
Prefrail (2) | 366.93 | 245.08 | 25.23 | 95.81 | 8.31 | 227.08 | 169.58 | 9.93 | 62.03 | 5.40 |
(124.28)** | (125.43) | (29.65) | (19.11)*** | (5.86) | (111.61)* | (112.66) | (28.71) | (15.34)*** | (4.81) | |
Frail (3) | 968.14 | 515.10 | 100.01 | 143.38 | 76.96 | 680.42 | 368.85 | 55.84 | 87.31 | 48.97 |
(330.26)** | (261.58)* | (61.57) | (40.15)*** | (47.75) | (273.12)* | (219.89) | (54.52) | (29.41)** | (33.38) | |
Frail (4 & 5) | 3093.56 | 1946.88 | 234.64 | 303.25 | 334.93 | 1917.03 | 1278.81 | 161.10 | 123.96 | 181.00 |
(1119.22)** | (847.00)* | (118.79)* | (95.03)** | (167.83)* | (772.18)* | (623.41)* | (101.48) | (50.99)* | (109.49) | |
Age | 4.41 | −0.50 | 1.07 | 1.20 | 1.02 | 1.12 | −2.48 | 0.63 | 0.97 | 0.82 |
(6.41) | (5.74) | (1.77) | (0.94) | (0.50)* | (6.07) | (5.43) | (1.73) | (0.81) | (0.43) | |
Sex | 97.37 | 94.22 | −22.32 | 24.34 | 3.08 | 25.51 | 56.32 | −33.31 | 14.75 | 0.81 |
(80.06) | (70.36) | (22.68) | (11.70)* | (5.17) | (74.73) | (66.00) | (22.17) | (9.83) | (4.36) | |
Single | −156.63 | −42.12 | −21.16 | −21.51 | 1.01 | −214.93 | −77.50 | −40.70 | −40.24 | −2.39 |
(169.62) | (140.52) | (56.23) | (27.99) | (12.76) | (145.24) | (117.21) | (50.60) | (20.24)* | (8.72) | |
Divorced | 120.59 | 102.07 | −24.30 | −7.93 | −12.42 | 139.17 | 100.90 | −22.10 | −0.56 | −10.79 |
(172.23) | (145.20) | (39.22) | (21.62) | (5.12)* | (166.91) | (138.69) | (38.66) | (19.11) | (4.79)* | |
Widowed | 28.50 | 66.15 | 6.63 | −18.00 | −4.55 | 13.45 | 53.71 | −0.52 | −18.47 | −4.71 |
(109.65) | (98.89) | (30.88) | (14.49) | (5.06) | (101.63) | (91.39) | (29.59) | (12.15) | (4.36) | |
Education: | 7.73 | −46.47 | 56.69 | 3.99 | 5.39 | 39.37 | −33.93 | 62.43 | 9.68 | 4.94 |
- middle | (103.11) | (87.39) | (32.01) | (15.23) | (8.33) | (99.17) | (83.14) | (31.46)* | (13.13) | (7.37) |
- high | −98.13 | −73.63 | −12.96 | −26.15 | −1.37 | −73.33 | −55.10 | −12.03 | −24.37 | −0.47 |
(101.48) | (92.30) | (29.50) | (14.25) | (5.66) | (96.79) | (89.59) | (28.53) | (11.88)* | (5.09) | |
Private HI | 312.74 | 213.40 | 46.41 | 64.25 | −7.67 | 348.30 | 219.27 | 54.34 | 78.70 | −5.79 |
(191.36) | (175.75) | (47.08) | (27.70)* | (4.25) | (188.13) | (170.07) | (46.77) | (25.17)** | (4.10) | |
Comorbidity | ./. | ./. | ./. | ./. | ./. | 46.69 | 19.52 | 8.07 | 10.45 | 0.71 |
(CIRS-G) | ./. | ./. | ./. | ./. | ./. | (7.79)*** | (5.61)*** | (2.06)*** | (1.00)*** | (0.32)* |
N | 2508 | 2508 | 2508 | 2508 | 2508 | 2508 | 2508 | 2508 | 2508 | 2508 |