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Table 3 Mean annual cost (USD) of multiple sclerosis according to disability level

From: Cost analysis of multiple sclerosis in Brazil: a cross-sectional multicenter study

 

Mild (EDSS 0–3)

Moderate (EDSS 4–6.5)

Severe (EDSS 7–9)

Totala

P value*

(n = 84)

(n = 91)

(n = 33)

(n = 210)

A - Resources funded by the health system, except drugs for treating MS

 

Inpatient care

     

 Mean

42.44

82.74

27.95

57.82

0.025

 SD

127.05

185.01

82.40

150.78

 

Emergency service

     

 Mean

4.98

8.39

2.61

6.04

0.297

 SD

11.95

28.49

6.71

20.45

 

Consultations (visits to physicians and other healthcare professionals)

     

 Mean

211.84

530.43

1038.29

478.08

0.001

 SD

423.80

897.53

1225.55

853.99

 

Complementary exams

     

 Mean

126.96

145.63

86.10

128.69

0.019

 SD

149.03

179.08

96.32

156.41

 

Adjuvant drugs

     

 Mean

84.56

173.98

2527.71

506.48

0.040

 SD

194.46

368.22

12,174.82

4851.34

 

Total A

     

 Mean

470.80

941.17

3682.67

1177.10

<0.001

 SD

578.59

1166.34

12,327.31

5020.98

 

B - Drugs for treating Multiple Sclerosis – DMTsb

 

 Mean

17,283.59

17,409.30

10,545.01

16,257.60

<0.001

 SD

8118.31

6760.00

8853.87

7982.50

 

C - Resources funded by the patient

 

Non-prescribed drugs (OTC medication)

     

 Mean

45.84

75.04

93,29

65.51

0.754

 SD

136.62

226.18

303,62

209.56

 

Investment and equipment

     

 Mean

416.71

451.84

2949.64

826.23

0.912

 SD

2087.26

2148.73

7343.50

3580.73

 

Professional caregiver

     

 Mean

258.14

493.48

2274.97

685.88

0.036

 SD

947.76

1190.69

5279.98

2395.80

 

Total C

     

 Mean

720.68

1020.37

5317.90

1577.62

0.010

 SD

2339.49

2520.58

9670.85

4678.00

 

Total cost

     

 Mean

18,475.08

19,370.84

19,545.57

19,012.32

0.398

 SD

8256.02

7509.87

19,445.75

10,465.96

 
  1. MS Multiple Sclerosis; DMTs Disease modifying therapies; EDSS Expanded Disability Status Scale; OTC over the counter; SD standard deviation
  2. *Significant at 0.05 Kruskal-Wallis/ANOVA tests; Values in bold represent the total cost of each category (A, B and C)
  3. aTwo patients who presented no information for EDSS level are represented only on total. All analyses were made considering the total sample or total sample in each group
  4. bDMTs: Interferon beta-1a, Interferon beta-1b, Glatiramer acetate and Natalizumab