Table 1 Dialysis cost in low and middle-income countries
From: The cost of dialysis in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review
Country | Author(s) and year | OECD categorization | Perspective | Type of costs | Cost items included | Annually cost per patient [Int$ 2012] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sudan | Abu-Aisha and Elamin 2010 [16] | least developed | Uncertain | - | - | HD 11,054.60; PD 12,107.42 |
Sudan | Elsharif, Elsharif et al. 2010 [33] | least developed | Providerb | Direct | 3, 7, 10, 15 | HDa 15,277.75 |
Bangladesh | Li and Chow 2001 [18] | least developed | Uncertain | - | In center: 5,758.19; CAPD: 7,073.24 | |
Bangladesh | Jindali 2011 [34] | least developed | Not stated | - | - | HD 4,593.43 |
Dem. Rep. Congo | El Matri, Elhassan et al. 2008 [17] | least developed | AFRAN | - | PD 27,339.51 | |
Senegal | Abu-Aisha and Elamin 2010 [16] | least developed | Uncertain | HD 28,426.11; PD 20,000.56 | ||
Kenya | Abu-Aisha and Elamin 2010 [16] | low income | Uncertain | - | HD 16,845.10; PD 12,633.83 | |
Egypt | El Matri, Elhassan et al. 2008 [17] | lower middle | AFRAN | - | PD 7,974.02 | |
India | Suja, Anju et al. 2012 [31] | lower middle | Patient | Direct and indirect | 3, 12, 14, 13, 12, 15 | HD 40,078.25 |
India | Khanna 2009 [32] | lower middle | Providerb | - | 3, 4, 7, 9, 10,11 | HD 11,663.56 |
India | Li and Chow 2001 [18] | lower middle | Uncertain | - | In center: 3,423.79; CAPD: 5,057.87 | |
Indonesia | Prodjosudjadi 2006 [30] | lower middle | Patients | - | HDa 7,112.73; CAPD 6,987.95 | |
Indonesia | Li and Chow 2001 [18] | lower middle | Uncertain | - | In center: 10,504.81; CAPD: 7,003.21 | |
Namibia | Abu-Aisha and Elamin 2010 [16] | lower middle | Uncertain | - | HD 25,794.06; PD 25.794,06 | |
Nigeria | Okafor and Kankam 2012 [21] | lower middle | Uncertain | - | HD 42.784,91; PD 47.970,96 | |
Nigeria | El Matri, Elhassan et al. 2008 [17] | lower middle | AFRAN | - | HD 19,684.44 | |
Nigeria | Abu-Aisha and Elamin 2010 [16] | lower middle | Uncertain | - | HD 36,322.25; PD 42,112.75 | |
Pakistan | Li and Chow 2001 [18] | lower middle | Uncertain | - | In center: 4.668,80; CAPD: 12.450,14 | |
Pakistan | Naqvi 2000 [29] | lower middle | Not stated | - | - | HDc 4,003.74 |
Sri Lanka | Ranasinghe, Perera et al. 2011 [28] | lower middle | Providerb | Direct | 1, 2, 5, 3, 4, 12, 11, 6, 7, 8, 9 | HD 22,998.03 |
Sri Lanka | Li and Chow 2001 [18] | lower middle | Uncertain | - | In center: 5,042.00; CAPD: 11,672.00 | |
Brazil | Abreu, Walker et al. 2013 [27] | upper middle | Societal | Direct and indirect | 7, 12, 15, 3, 11, 17, 18, 20 | HD 30,079.00; PD 28,592.45 |
Chile | Pacheco, Saffie et al. 2007 [20] | upper middle | Uncertain | Direct and indirect | 21, 12, 3, 20 | HD 24,461.13 PD 24,389.41 |
China | Hu, Lee et al. 1998 [26] | upper middle | Patientb | - | HD 35,424.89 | |
China | Li and Chow 2001 [18] | upper middle | Uncertain | - | In center: 7,781.34; CAPD: 7,781,.34; APD: 21,787.75 | |
Iran | Arefzadeh, Lessanpezeshki et al. 2009 [25] | upper middle | Provider/patientb | Direct and indirect | 1, 2,3, 4 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 | HD 12,788.88 |
Iran | Mahdawi-Mazdeh, et al. 2008 [24] | upper middle | Hospital | Direct | 10, 9, 11, 7, 14,15, 2, 3, 4, 1, 5, 8 | HD 13,624.62 |
Malaysia | Hooi, Lim et al. 2005 [23] | upper middle | Ministry of Health | Direct | 1, 2, 7, 10,11,6, 8, 12, 13 | HD 23,549.42; PD 23,431.51 |
Malaysia | Li and Chow 2001 [18] | upper middle | Uncertain | - | In center: 8,092.59; CAPD: 4,902.24; APD: 16,574.25 | |
South Africa | Abu-Aisha and Elamin 2010 [16] | upper middle | Uncertain | - | HD 7.369,73; PD 12.633.83 | |
South Africa | El Matri, Elhassan et al. 2008 [17] | upper middle | AFRAN | - | HD 24,878.98; PD 34,174.38 | |
Tunisia | El Matri, Elhassan et al. 2008 [17] | upper middle | AFRAN | - | - | HD 11,550.94 |
Turkey | Erek, Sever et al. 2004 [22] | upper middle | Provider | Direct | 3, 7, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16 | HD 28,399.77; CAPD 27,889.40 |