Equity in access to health care among asylum seekers in Germany: evidence from an exploratory population-based cross-sectional study

Table 5 Crude and adjusted regression estimates for the association between hospital admissions and SES or need variables among asylum seekers

Explanatory variables		Bivariate models	Multiple regression models (adjusted for sex, age and general health)
OR [95 % CI]			Model I	Model II	Model III
			Education	SSS	Education + SSS
Education	None/Primary (ref.)	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)	-	1 (Ref.)
	Secondary	1.21 [0.48,3.03]	1.61 [0.51,5.09]	-	1.98 [0.53,7.46]
	Tertiary	1.02 [0.39,2.69]	1.87 [0.57,6.11]	-	1.83 [0.48,6.95]
SSS^a	Lower (ref.)	1 (Ref.)	-	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)
	Middle	3.18 [1.06,9.59]	-	2.6 [0.80,8.40]	2.56 [0.78,8.41]
	High	1.6 [0.49,5.23]	-	1.27 [0.34,4.82]	1.26 [0.33,4.86]
Sex	Male (ref.)	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)
Sex	Female	1.7 [0.72,4.01]	2.9 [0.98,8.58]	3.27 [1.02,10.51]	4.13 [1.17,14.60]
Language	German	1 (Ref.)	-	-	-
	English	0.46 [0.17,1.24]	-	-	-
	Others^c	0.53 [0.22,1.3]	-	-	-
Age (yrs)		0.98 [0.94,1.03]	0.97 [0.92,1.02]	0.98 [0.93,1.03]	0.97 [0.92,1.02]
General health status^b	“Good” (ref.)	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)
General health status^b	“Bad”	1.83 [0.86,3.89]	3.28 [1.19,9.04]	2.59 [0.90,7.46]	3.35 [1.02,11.04]
BIC		-	142.07	122.94	130.13
N		-	106	92	91

OR indicates the odds ratio compared to the reference group, CI indicates 95 % confidence interval, Pseudo R² squared for logistic regression, N absolute frequency of participating persons. Variations in N result from missing in single items. All data on utilisation of health care services refer to the past 12 months. ^aSSS: Subjective social status in Germany on a scale from 1 to 10. Lower: 1–4 points. Middle: 5–6 points. High: 7–10 points. ^b“How is your health in general?” “Bad” = fair/bad/very bad. “Good” = good/very good. ^cOther languages: Arabic, French, Persian, Russian, Serbian. Bold figures: Reflect ORs which are smaller/larger than 1 with a confidence level of 95 %

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