Table 3 Factors determining hospital length of stay – regression results, Average Partial Effects (APEs)

Main diagnosis

 Schizophrenia (F20)

 Schizotypal disorder (F21)

−4.16

0.71***

 Persistent delusional disorder (F22)

−19.56

1.04***

−2.12

2.86

 Acute and transient psychotic disorder (F23)

−11.57

4.69*

−17.20

2.15***

 Induced delusional disorder (F24)

0.75

0.52

−9.34

5.65

 Schizoaffective disorders (F25)

−11.67

2.32***

3.78

3.18

 Other nonorganic psychotic disorders (F28)

−11.42

1.10***

−9.29

3.79*

 Unspecified nonorganic psychosis (F29)

−6.36

0.48***

−9.03

2.69***

 Manic episode (F30)

−3.02

2.80

 Bipolar affective disorder (F31)

−12.57

1.01***

7.42

1.27***

Patient demographics and clinical characteristics

 Age 25-34

−1.63

0.61**

−1.72

0.81*

−0.93

1.13

−2.64

1.44

 Age 35-44

−3.54

0.53***

−3.84

0.76***

−3.68

1.10***

−3.65

1.37**

 Age 45-54

−2.25

0.59***

−3.22

0.98***

−2.25

1.00*

−0.66

1.42

 Age 55-64

1.64

0.63**

−0.49

0.98

4.56

1.35***

4.31

1.80*

 Age 65-74

10.88

1.23***

6.21

1.60***

14.39

2.33***

18.55

3.01***

 Age 75 and over

18.64

1.57***

11.60

2.45***

25.57

3.84***

27.45

3.73***

 Male

−0.41

0.38

−1.35

0.53*

−0.62

0.62

0.72

0.77

 Detained

15.98

1.17***

19.48

1.81***

14.72

2.26***

16.51

1.76***

 Ethnicity: mixed

2.31

0.99*

0.57

1.49

3.65

1.80*

7.74

3.45*

 Ethnicity: Asian

0.69

0.64

0.68

0.82

1.92

1.42

−0.45

0.89

 Ethnicity: black

4.46

0.63***

5.28

0.93***

3.99

1.25**

4.88

1.70**

 Ethnicity: unknown or missing

−0.77

0.72

0.10

1.21

−0.81

1.17

−2.31

1.87

 Patient has a carer

3.16

1.14**

3.19

1.35*

1.44

1.64

5.50

2.22*

 Patient was previously treated for mental health issues

−1.00

0.76

−2.51

0.94**

0.15

0.94

0.41

1.22

 MH benefit claimants - 2nd quintile

0.63

0.41

−0.07

0.62

1.12

0.94

1.32

0.75

 MH benefit claimants - 3rd quintile

1.41

0.47**

0.59

0.67

1.24

1.00

3.14

0.97**

 MH benefit claimants - 4th quintile

2.43

0.78**

1.41

0.99

1.75

1.28

5.76

1.09***

 MH benefit claimants - 5th quintile

2.65

0.68***

1.11

0.88

3.03

1.34*

6.08

1.13***

 Number of comorbidities

1.17

0.33***

1.04

0.35**

1.29

0.36***

1.53

0.53**

 Alcohol and substance misuse

−4.21

0.67***

−4.96

1.05***

−2.40

1.38

−5.10

1.50***

 Co-morbid personality disorder

−7.81

1.30***

−9.14

2.19***

−7.18

2.91*

−9.46

2.19***

Discharge

 Self-discharged

−19.99

1.85***

−19.24

2.48***

−20.37

3.11***

−29.17

2.76***

 Died in hospital

−3.30

1.64*

−3.56

2.73

−0.96

4.12

−6.03

3.09

Access to care

 Urban

0.41

0.61

−0.10

0.91

0.67

1.02

1.20

1.06

 % residents of local community in psychiatric establishment

−0.04

0.41

0.11

0.52

0.01

1.30

−0.41

0.87

 Ability to access GP within 48 h

−0.54

1.12

0.10

1.73

−2.74

2.68

0.10

2.79

 Care plan developed in primary care

−1.01

0.95

−2.18

1.57

2.92

2.16

−1.70

2.23

Time effects

 Year 2007

−1.18

0.97

−1.25

1.17

−1.27

1.45

−1.77

1.34

 Year 2008

0.22

0.86

0.49

1.06

−0.44

1.19

0.43

1.37

 Year 2009

−1.47

0.99

−1.34

1.33

−2.30

1.20

−1.79

1.33

 Year 2010

−3.08

1.15**

−3.50

1.45*

−3.67

1.44*

−3.22

1.78

Pseudo-R²

N